China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The respiratory system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
Pulmonary stretch receptors are responsible for initiating the Hering-Breuer Reflex. These stretch receptors are located within the smooth muscle of both large and small airways. They are stimulated when the tidal volume exceeds 1 L. Nerve impulses are transmitted by the vagus nerve to the medullary respiratory center and inhibit the inspiratory neurons. The primary function of these receptors and the Hering-Breuer Reflex is to prevent overinflation of the lungs.
H
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Hering–Breuer Reflex Neurogenic reflex arising in the lung and controlling the rate and depth of respiration via the vagus nerve. Described by Austrian psychiatrist, Josef Breuer (1842–1925) and Karl Ewald Hering (1834–1918) in 1868.
Respiratory physiology
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2015
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The lung has two types of myelinated receptors. The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex is produced by slowly adapting stretch receptors in the smooth muscles of the trachea and lower airways and stimulated by lung inflation. Lung inflation inhibits directly and via the pontine respiratory group the inspiratory neurons of the dorsal respiratory group via the vagus nerve, terminating inspiration. A deflation reflex is also present, which stimulates inspiration. The importance of the Hering–Breuer reflex in humans is not clear, and it may only be important when the tidal volume exceeds 1 L. Rapidly adapting stretch receptors are found in the epithelial cells of large airways such as the carina. They increase their firing rate in response to the rate of change in lung volume and assume a basal rate once the lung volume becomes constant. They were formerly known as irritant receptors because they respond to chemical stimuli such as cigarette smoke.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a practical comprehensive literature review
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Francisco Montenegro, Luis Unigarro, Gustavo Paredes, Tatiana Moya, Ana Romero, Liliana Torres, Juan Carlos López, Fernando Esteban Jara González, Gustavo Del Pozo, Andrés López-Cortés, Ana M Diaz, Eduardo Vasconez, Doménica Cevallos-Robalino, Alex Lister, Esteban Ortiz-Prado
A second possibility is related to self-inflicted patient lung injury (P-SILI) caused by the respiratory effort made by patients with respiratory failure when breathing spontaneously or with the support of noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), since the high respiratory impulse generates large tidal volumes (VT) with potential to cause transpulmonary pressure changes. Zones closed by lung damage are temporarily opened and closed again, generating stress injury (pressure changes) and strain injury (changes by deformation), which is known as a ‘Pendelluft phenomenon’ [33]. The different forces generated by muscular work cause damage to already injured lungs, increasing vascular leakage by increasing transmural pulmonary vascular pressure. The high respiratory drive may be due to increased stimulation of juxtacapillary receptors or inhibition of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (Hering-Breuer reflex) [34].