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Analysis and synthesis
Published in Kirsti Malterud, Qualitative Metasynthesis, 2019
Fernee et al. (2016) used Realist synthesis for a review of the research literature about wilderness therapy for groups of adolescents (12–18 years old) with mental health problems. The outcome of the literature search was 360 hits. After review, selected elements from seven qualitative studies about different programs for wilderness therapy were included. Analysis exploring CMO elements led to hypotheses about how the psychosocial context, the physical challenges and the everyday interaction in the group could combine to help challenge stereotypes so that the participants could get along with one another despite their problems with social relationships.
Horticultural therapy, related people–plant programs, and other therapeutic disciplines
Published in Rebecca L. Haller, Karen L. Kennedy, Christine L. Capra, The Profession and Practice of Horticultural Therapy, 2019
Rebecca L. Haller, Karen L. Kennedy
Therapeutic programs based on interaction with natural environments that have been minimally influenced by the actions of humans are demonstrated by wilderness therapy programs. Sometimes referred to as outdoor behavioral health care, these programs typically serve adolescents and young adults, and include activities such as expeditions, camping, climbing, boating, and hiking in wilderness areas, with the aim to improve self-reliance and social skills, or heal from trauma or psychological issues. The remote physically and psychologically challenging setting is crucial to the process and offers an intimate connection to the restorative characteristics of untamed natural settings. “The more primitive the setting, the more people can experience solitude, tranquility, self-reliance, and closeness to nature” (Kaplan and Kaplan 1989). Activities at this end of the continuum of nature connection seek to leave the environment intact and undisturbed.
Occupational therapists and physiotherapists experiences of using nature-based rehabilitation
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Anne Pernille Vibholm, Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen, Hanne Pallesen
NBR is based on the definitions of Annerstedt and Währborg (2011), Corazon et al. (2018) and Stigsdotter et al. (2011). It is an overall term for use of nature-based interventions in health and rehabilitation. NBR aims to promote rehabilitation through activities, that involve the natural environments, plants and other natural resources (Vibholm, Christensen, and Pallesen, 2019). Thus, therapeutic use of nature now comprises a nature-based framework, such as HT, eco therapy, forest therapy (FT), wilderness therapy or other outdoor activities, applied as therapeutic tools, adapted to specific groups or individuals to achieve therapeutic goals; in this context, rehabilitation goals are part of NBR. NBR may imply health design of nature-based settings (Annerstedt and Währborg, 2011; Corazon et al., 2018; Stigsdotter et al., 2011; Vibholm, Christensen, and Pallesen, 2019) (Table 1).
Psychological effects of an adventure therapy program in the treatment of substance use disorders. A Greek pilot study
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Fotis Panagiotounis, Yannis Theodorakis, M. Hassandra, Ioannis Morres
The adventure therapy program was designed and implemented by Asociacion Experientia. Asociación Experientia (www.asociacionexperientia.org) is a nonprofit organization pioneer in introducing AT and Wilderness therapy in Spain, designs AT programs for organizations and provides training and supervision in this methodology. The main duties were to facilitate the program and the activities, to ensure an emotional safe space, as well as to facilitate the processing and transfer. Furthermore, the facilitators did not have any preexisting connection to the participants. In At programming, ideal modes are that at least one facilitator must know the participants and when this is not possible, the facilitator team should find ways to solve these issues and transfer the information. In this case, the support facilitator (from Greece, also the translator) had gathered information about the participants by organizing previous meetings. During the program, the facilitators had also access to the participants’ therapists in case it was needed. The facilitator team in order to provide participants with opportunities to fulfill the goals of the program, they designed a participant-oriented adventure therapy program to provoke positive experiences in order to help achieve their therapeutic goals. Participants were helped through reflection and discussion with their facilitators and peers to relate their experiences to the therapeutic process and goals. The processing activities can be used to promote change incorporate it into the life of the participants after the end of the experience (Gass, 1993a). A key component of this adventure therapy program was the matching of the activity to participants needs. The selection, the planning and the sequence of the activities were contained in a customized activity protocol and directly linked to the desired outcomes and the therapeutic goals of enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as developing coping and problem-solving skills. The design of the program was based on the Reintegration Through Sport project outcomes (Rose et al., 2019). Creating a program within adventure therapy requires the ability to assess the client’s needs by the facilitator, designing and selecting the appropriate activities, which relate to the treatment goals. The general aim of the whole process would be to create the right conditions for change (Becker, 2010; Gass & Gillis, 2010; Tucker, 2009). Considering all the above the facilitators helped the participants to relate the experience to the treatment process and goals through discussion with individual team members (facilitator and peers). The experiences had the participants involved directly, and through reflection progress, helped them to transform it into something concrete and relevant to their goals of enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy.