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Neuropsychological assessments of patients with LIS
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Allen Paul, Rose Anita, Kubickova Veronika, Locked-In Syndrome after Brain Damage, 2018
Barbara A. Wilson, Allen Paul, Rose Anita, Kubickova Veronika
Other LIS patients have also been reported as having problems with perception (Smith and Delargy 2005; New and Thomas 2005; Garrard et al. 2002). In addition, Smith and Delargy (2005) remind us that visual problems are not uncommon. Tracey appeared to have diplopia and blurring of vision and this could have added to her problems in processing complex visual material. One apparent discrepancy is with the two matrix reasoning tasks. On the Matrix Reasoning from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (Wechsler 2008), Tracey scored in the average range, whereas on the Ravens Matrices (Raven 1982) she scored below average. These tasks seem similar in many ways and both involve visual reasoning. One difference is the Matrix reasoning is smaller with less scanning involved. It is also in colour and it is possible the stimuli are more discriminable and less subject to the effects of diplopia or blurring of vision.
Investigating the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) in predicting Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence – Second edition (WASI-II) scores in an Australian sample
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
M. D. Thomas, N. Sugden, A. McGrath, P. Rohr, C. Weekes, C. E. Skilbeck
To assess the predictive accuracy of the TOPF in the Australian context, we replicated Holdnack et al.’s (2013) models using the TOPF and simple demographics to predict WASI-II scores. We found the TOPF accounted for most variance in WASI-II FSIQ-4 and FSIQ-2, as well as VCI scores (Adjusted R2=.26, .30, .29 respectively) and least variance in predicting PRI scores (Adjusted R2=.10). This pattern of strength of these predictive models was expected from previous research (e.g., Holdnack et al., 2013). Scores on word reading tasks such as the TOPF are naturally seen to be most highly correlated with other tests of verbal functioning such as the Vocabulary and Similarities subtests and less related to performance on visual reasoning and construction tasks such as Matrix Reasoning and Block Design subtests in the WASI-II (Strauss et al., 2006).
A case study of topographical disorientation: behavioural intervention for achieving independent navigation
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Josée Rivest, Eva Svoboda, Jeff McCarthy, Morris Moscovitch
The results of his neuropsychological assessments conducted at the rehabilitation centre (by Dr. Green) show that, in agreement with his past occupation and level of functioning, LH is a man of superior intelligence whose non-verbal abilities are greater than his verbal abilities. Immediately after his accident, it was found that his attention, speed of processing, memory for prose and word-lists, visual memory, visual object recognition, motor control and strength were lower than expected for his age and education; they were in the low average to average range. On the other hand, his verbal fluency, conceptual reasoning, problem solving, visuo-constructional abilities, and visual reasoning were as expected for his age and education; they were within the superior range. After three months in rehabilitation, LH and his wife reported improvement of fine motor control, strength, speed of processing, and memory. LH’s rehabilitation team observed these significant improvements and LH was discharged from the rehabilitation unit.
Assessment of hypertension-mediated organ damage in children and adolescents with hypertension
Published in Blood Pressure, 2023
Michał Pac, Łukasz Obrycki, Jan Koziej, Krzysztof Skoczyński, Anna Starnawska-Bojsza, Mieczysław Litwin
Arterial hypertension is a well-established factor, known since the end of the nineteenth century, contributing to cerebrovascular alterations such as cerebral haemorrhages and strokes in adults [78]. High BP leads causes microinfarctions, white matter lesions, promotes atrophy and damage the neurovascular unit and the perivascular space [78,79]. Vascular damage caused by elevated BP in elderly also results in cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease [80]. According to the new findings worse cognitive function associated with HT can be observed also in children and adolescents [81,82]. Early life primary HT is linked with the long-term, cognitive deficits in adulthood. Several studies on elevated BP and cognitive performance have showed that hypertensive adolescents and young adults perform worse on cognitive tests later in adulthood when compared to their normotensive peers [82–84]. Moreover, risk factors that are often concomitant with primary HT such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance or hyperlipidaemia have the additive effect on mid-life cognition [82]. Interestingly, elevated BP can result in decreased neurocognitive function as early as in childhood. Studies in young adults showed that hypertensive individuals, although within normal range, have lower performance on neurocognitive testing, particularly in the fields of attention, working memory, and executive function what represents an early hypertensive target organ damage [85–94]. A recent systematic review on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with primary arterial hypertension confirmed that young, hypertensive individuals present deficits, especially in verbal and visual reasoning, learning and recall, working memory and semantic/letter fluency [95]. However, the authors of the report point that the reviewed studies are very heterogeneous in their approach towards the evaluation of neurocognitive function and often lack direct assessment of the executive function, utilising rather subjective, parent-reported questionnaires than objective measures. They insist on the necessity to directly assess the relationship between HT and different cognitive domains and establishing standardised protocol for evaluating the cognitive functioning.