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Developmental Dyslexia
Published in Ivanka V. Asenova, Brain Lateralization and Developmental Disorders, 2018
Studies using modern high-resolution techniques of neuroimaging confirmed the presence of abnormalities in functional asymmetry of cortical activity in dyslexic subjects. For example, in a series of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies, Rumsey and co-workers [183, 185] found that compared to normal readers, dyslexic subjects showed reduced activation, or unusual deactivation, in mid- to posterior temporal cortex bilaterally and in inferior parietal cortex, predominantly in the LH when performing tasks of phonological processing and lexical decision [185], as well as an aberrant pattern of activation in right frontotemporal regions during a tonal memory task [183].
Categorical perception of lexical tones in native Mandarin-speaking listeners with sensorineural hearing loss
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Beier Qi, Peng Liu, Xin Gu, Ruijuan Dong, Bo Liu
We explain the data from the experiments by using memory mechanisms involved in the similar perception mode between the SNHL and NH groups. Memory is the process where information is encoded, stored and retrieved in the human brain. From the psychological point of view, memory mechanism theory has proposed that speech perceptual mode is closely related to acquire auditory experiences. Memory mechanisms of CP include two classical models – the dual-process model and the signal-detection model. The dual-process model, which interprets CP by the contribution of distinct memory codes, was firstly proposed by Fujisaki and Kawashima, and extensively discussed by Pisoni in a series of experiments on phoneme discrimination. In this model, short-term memory (STM) involved in CP tasks was divided into a continuous auditory short-term store and a categorical phonetic short-term store, and the phonetic mode memory is operated exclusively during the identification task [10]. The signal-detection model, which is based on Durlach and Braida’s [11] quantitative model for intensity perception, involves a continuous theory of perception, i.e. signal detection theory (SDT). Again, two modes of memory operation are assumed: a trace mode and a context-coding mode. These two memory operations reflect domain-general processes that exist in speech perception. Based on the memory mechanisms, we can draw a conclusion that CP of tonal identification associated with the subject’s memory, not their hearing threshold. It means the same tonal perception mode could be acquired between NH people and hearing loss people who have similar tone memory information.
Peripheral and central hearing impairment and their relationship with cognition: a review
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2019
Grace Kellee Nixon, Julia Zoe Sarant, Dani Tomlin
A systematic review of the literature concluded that CAP disorders may exist several years before a diagnosis of AD (Iliadou and Kaprinis, 2003). The review also suggested that CAP dysfunction may precede AD by a minimum of five years and a maximum of ten years. CAP assessments include tests of sound localisation, phoneme discrimination, tonal memory and perception of tones. Of note were clinical psychoacoustic results that involved binaural integration for AD patients. These tests in particular revealed significantly lower scores in the AD group in comparison to normal-hearing controls (Iliadou and Kaprinis, 2003).