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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
The following yellow flags are worth discussion: Belief that back pain is harmful and seriously disabling.Fear-avoidance behaviour and reduced activity levels.Tendency to low mood and social withdrawal.Expectation that passive treatments will help rather than belief in active participation.
Young Carers
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
There are many reasons why children and young carers may remain hidden. In my case, I did not view my situation as different or unusual. My mother’s depression was undiagnosed and untreated largely due to her fear of the stigma associated with mental illness. Other young carers are so loyal that they do not want to ask for help or may fear their family will be split up. Children who are exposed to mental illness in the family may display the following: Social withdrawal or isolation.Anxiety.Find it difficult to concentrate on their schoolwork, leading to under-achievement in education and limited life opportunities. Low self-esteem and depressed mood.A fatalistic acceptance of their life situation.Behavioural difficulties, violent or self-destructive behaviour. Paranoid or suspicious behaviour if they believe their parents’ delusions. Many children are teased or bullied because of their unwell family member.
HIV neurological complications
Published in Avindra Nath, Joseph R. Berger, Clinical Neurovirology, 2020
HAND has been classically described as a subacute to chronic, progressive subcortical dementia characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunction. In a retrospective analysis of 46 patients with clinical and histopathological HIV dementia seen by a neurologist during life, [63] give an illustrative description of HAD in the pre-HAART era. Forgetfulness and loss of concentration were the most frequent early cognitive symptoms, and patients described the loss of train of thought, difficulty reading, and mental slowness. Early motor symptoms were present in nearly half of patients, in particular, loss of balance, leg weakness, and deterioration in handwriting. Behavioral symptoms occurred in a third of patients, with social withdrawal and apathy the most common manifestations. Other reports have emphasized movement disorders (including parkinsonism) and psychotic and affective symptoms [104,105].
Behavioral Activation as a Principle-Based Treatment: Developments from a Multi-Site Collaboration to Advance Adolescent Depression Treatment
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023
Jessica L. Jenness, Kathryn DeLonga, R. Eric Lewandowski, Carolyn Spiro, Katherine Crowe, Christopher R. Martell, Kenneth E. Towbin, Argyris Stringaris, Elizabeth McCauley
Based on a functional analytic model of depression (Figure 1), BA utilizes the principles of operant conditioning (i.e., learning that occurs via the positive and negative associations between behaviors and their consequences) to increase positive reinforcement and decrease barriers to engaging in positively reinforcing behaviors. BA is particularly focused on addressing avoidant behaviors that emerge secondary to anhedonia, or the diminished capacity to feel pleasure or reward. BA clinicians take an idiographic approach to depression assessment that seeks to identify circumstances and actions that contribute to reduced positive reinforcement and maintain depression symptoms within the teen’s context. For example, an adolescent experiencing low mood and anhedonia following a conflict with a friend may engage in avoidant behaviors such as withdrawing from social contact with all friends. Social withdrawal may then lead to an overall reduction in positive reinforcement (e.g., isolation and fewer social invitations) and increased punishment (e.g., criticism from friends) that ultimately worsen depression.
Suicide Motives and Protective Factors - Contributions from a Hikikomori Discussion Board
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Haasio Ari, Salminen-Tuomaala Mari
Social withdrawal is one of the factors that increases the risk of suicide. In the discussions, the forum users frequently pointed out that one of the main reasons for them not committing suicide was the desire to protect the loved ones from grief. This implicates the importance of family and close relatives especially for those who have no friends. The role of social relations in preventing suicide is significant. Secondly, lack of courage seems to be the most commonly mentioned reason for not committing suicide. Even though suicide seems like an attractive option in the forum users’ dreams, and the ones who have the courage to commit suicide are admired, fear seems to be a commonly experienced emotion. Other protective factors discovered in this study involved support from professionals, the development of logical thinking and emotional intelligence, improved mental health and various tools for tranquility.
Why Do Socially Withdrawn Children Tend to Become Heterosexually Active Later than Their Peers? A Mediation Model
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Ashrah Lucas, Marie-Aude Boislard, François Poulin
Social withdrawal, which refers to withdrawal, shyness and loneliness (Rubin & Coplan, 2010; Wang, Rubin, Laursen, Booth-LaForce, & Rose-Krasnor, 2013), is one of the most common behaviors associated with problematic peer relationships (Ferguson & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2014; Gazelle & Ladd, 2003). Some research has shown that socially withdrawn individuals tend to avoid developing intimate relationships (Ferguson & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2014). Moreover, social withdrawal in childhood is associated with a higher probability of remaining sexually inactive longer in early adulthood (Boislard, Poulin, Zimmer-Gembeck, & Halpern, 2014). How can this link be explained considering that first coital intercourse usually occurs in late adolescence? The literature on the development of interpersonal relationships from childhood to adulthood might shed some light on this matter.