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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
For young people over the age of 16, CBT-specific adult measures can be used which are disorder-specific. These include the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7), Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) and Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (OCI).
Trauma of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Fernando D. Goldenberg, Ali Mansour
Admission GCS score seems to be the most important prognostic factor, although caution is advised as concomitant use of illicit drugs or sedatives may obscure the initial GCS assessment. More recently, scores such as the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) score have been validated for the prediction of mortality following gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH).8 Different mechanisms of injury occur in GSWH. The primary damage occurs through the “permanent cavity.” The bullet creates a path as it courses through the skin, bone, and eventually the brain parenchyma. This wound channel is approximately the same diameter as the bullet and is a function of bullet penetration and expansion. Bullets can also create “temporary cavities.” When a bullet hits soft tissue, the tissue acts more like a fluid than a solid as it gives way and absorbs the bullet's energy creating an impact crater. As the bullet continues its path, it violently pushes the tissue ahead of it both directly and indirectly in such a way that the tissue is stretched beyond its elasticity and is cut and torn as it quickly tries to return to its original position. After the cavity expands to its maximum size, it starts to collapse under negative pressure. This results in a track of injury that is 10–20 times the size of the projectile.
The Anxious Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
Katie L. Springfield, Rosa M. Macklin-Hinkle
General assessment of distress and functioning is critical when determining treatment goals, interventions, and approaches. Along with general measures of couples’ level of functioning, there are a number of specific measures to assess for severity of specific disorders. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a self-report measure completed by the client to assess for symptoms of anxiety. The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Mini-SPIN self-report measures assess more specifically for symptoms of social anxiety disorder (Connor, Kobak, Churchill, Katzelnick, & Davidson, 2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is another brief self-report measure that can be useful in assessing for the presence and severity of social anxiety disorder.
Social anxiety following traumatic brain injury: an exploration of associated factors
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
William Curvis, Jane Simpson, Natalie Hampson
The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor et al., 2000) was used as the outcome measure for the study. The SPIN is a 17-item self-report measure of three domains of SA; fear, avoidance and physiological discomfort. Responses are scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely), with a maximum total score of 68 indicating high levels of SA. A cut-off score of 19 is recommended by the authors to distinguish those with SA. High levels of internal consistency (α = .95) and test-retest reliability (r = .86) have been demonstrated (Antony, Coons, McCabe, Ashbaugh, & Swinson, 2006; Connor et al., 2000). Although the measure has not been used in a TBI population in any published research to date, it has been utilised with patients with multiple sclerosis (Poder et al., 2009) and is recommended by guidance provided by NICE (2013) for use in NHS services within the UK. The SPIN’s face validity and brevity make it the most appropriate measure from available measures of SA.
Perceived rather than actual overweight is associated with mental health problems in adolescence
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Vilma Lankinen, Sari Fröjd, Mauri Marttunen, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino
Symptoms of social phobia were measured by the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN); a 17-item self-report questionnaire using a 5-point Likert-type scale [55]. SPIN has been demonstrated to measure adolescents’ symptoms of social phobia with good validity and reliability [56,57]. The identification of participants with social phobia was accomplished by summarizing SPIN scores. The Finnish-language version of SPIN has been proven to have good sensitivity (81.2%) and specificity (85.2%) [57]. Scores of 29 points or higher are referred to as self-reported social phobia (SP).
Experiences of sexual harassment are associated with high self-esteem and social anxiety among adolescent girls
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Sara Apell, Mauri Marttunen, Sari Fröjd, Riittakerttu Kaltiala
Social anxiety was measured with the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)-Fin Inventory [45]. The SPIN is a 17-item self-report survey for measuring social phobia and is based on a 5-point Likert-like scale [46]. It has shown good reliability and validity in adolescent population-based studies [45,47]. The SPIN sum score, which demonstrated good internal consistency in this sample (Cronbach’s alpha 0.87), was used as a continuous variable in this study.