China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Laughter Is the Best Therapy for Happiness and Healthy Life Expectancy
Published in Goh Cheng Soon, Gerard Bodeker, Kishan Kariippanon, Healthy Ageing in Asia, 2022
Tetsuya Ohira, Masahiko Ichiki
Cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, not only are the leading causes of death in Japan but also are closely related to healthy life expectancy. It has been reported that, besides physical risk factors, psychosocial risk factors, including psychological stress and depression, are associated with the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. In Japan, prospective epidemiological studies have shown that depressive symptoms are associated with stroke in a community-based population (Ohira et al., 2001), subjective stress increases the risk of death from ischemic heart disease (Iso et al., 2002), and social support reduces the risk of stroke death in men (Ikehara et al., 2008). Additionally, psychological stress has been implicated in cardiovascular risk factors, such as depression being associated with the accelerated sympathetic nervous system and abnormalities in glucose metabolism and suppressed anger being associated with the development of hypertension (Ohira et al., 2013). Moreover, psychological stress is known to affect various diseases, such as peptic ulcers, bronchial asthma, chronic low back pain, atopic dermatitis, and dizziness. Hence, psychological stress must be coped with to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and lifestyle-related diseases and to prolong healthy life expectancy.
Cancer and Physical Exercise
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Another discipline for combating psychological stress is mindfulness. Mindfulness is a practice related to Buddhist meditation that was created in 1979 by Kabat Zinn, physician and founder of the Clinic of Stress Reduction at the University of Massachusetts. It is a technique that teaches us to live in balance with what we think, feel, and do, focusing on the present. Mindfulness focuses on self-regulation of attention and a state of consciousness that is associated with nonjudgmental, moment-to-moment, awareness, patience, and calmness, nonstriving, letting go, and compassion [4]. The practice of mindfulness contributes mainly to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. There is evidence that it improves the quality of sleep and fatigue (two serious problems in oncological patients) and also promotes personal growth [34].
Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
Clinical experience also supports the role of catecholamine metabolism in affective disorder. Severe physical or psychological stress reduces the brain catecholamine level and precipitates attacks of depression. Electroconvulsive treatment of depression causes a massive discharge of adrenergic neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems indicated by decreased of cerebral norepinephrine levels and increased conversion to normetanephrine. These changes are reflected by elevated plasma catecholamine levels. Patients with depressive illness show significant decreases in the urinary output of conjugated tyramine, probably to an O-sulfate; free tyramine excretion is also reduced.
Job-related stress and tobacco smoking: A systematic review
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2021
Zahra Khorrami, Farzaneh Zolala, AliAkbar Haghdoost, Ali Sadatmoosavi, Ziyad Ben Taleb, Anthony Kondracki, Kenneth D. Ward, Mohammad Shahbaz, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
Tobacco use is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with more than 8 million smoking-related deaths annually (WHO, 2019). A large body of literature across several populations shows that psychosocial stress is associated with smoking initiation, maintenance, intensity, and relapse (Allen et al., 2019; Cohen & Lichtenstein, 1990; Crittenden, Manfredi, Cho, & Dolecek, 2007; Kassel, Stroud, & Paronis, 2003). Psychological stress is defined as “a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being” (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Stress in general and job-related stress, in particular, are identified as important determinants of smoking (Grappasonni et al., 2019; Jeżewska & Iversen, 2012).
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics reveal potential protein targets of JiaWeiSiNiSan in preventing chronic psychological stress damage
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Han-Zhang Wang, Wu-Long Luo, Ning-Xi Zeng, Hui-Zhen Li, Ling Li, Can Yan, Li-Li Wu
Mental stress injury could trigger the onset of neuropsychiatric ailments, such as major depression (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), late-onset depression (LOD), and anxiety, with clinical manifestations of decreased learning and memory ability, depressive behaviours and suicidal tendency, which seriously affect normal life and work. People respond to stressors in very different ways. Part of people may feel threatened by stressful challenges develop mental illness, while some individuals are able to cope with even severe stressors and keep stress-resilient – they are relatively unaffected by external factors (stressors) and could recover from mental stress damage physiological mental stress. Stress resilience refers to the ability of individuals to quickly recover from and adapt to stress and difficulties (Luthar et al. 2000). Whether one is resilient or susceptible to stress is not only congenital but also adjustable by environment and training. Improving stress resilience (of people susceptible to stress) is of importance for preventing psychological stress-related diseases.
Acute restraint stress increases blood pressure and oxidative stress in the cardiorenal system of rats: a role for AT1 receptors
Published in Stress, 2020
Gabriel T. do Vale, Drieli Leoni, Arthur H. Sousa, Natália A. Gonzaga, Daniela L. Uliana, Davi C. La Gata, Leonardo B. Resstel, Cláudia M. Padovan, Carlos R. Tirapelli
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that psychological stress has a direct impact in the cardiovascular system (Grippo & Johnson, 2009; Rozanski, Blumenthal, & Kaplan, 1999). The impact of stress in the cardiovascular system is affected by the chronicity of the stressor stimulus (Crestani, 2016). In this sense, chronic stress increases baseline values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) (Duarte, Cruz, Leão, Planeta, & Crestani, 2015; Nalivaiko, 2011). Alterations of autonomic activity are also associated with chronic stress. In this regard, it has been described that chronic stress increased the sympathetic tone to the heart (Duarte et al., 2015) and that this response contributes to the increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias (Grippo et al., 2004). Impaired baroreflex function was also described after chronic stress (Almeida, Duarte, Oliveira, & Crestani, 2015; Duarte et al., 2015). Thus, exposure to long-term stressful events is associated with enduring autonomic imbalance and cardiovascular dysfunctions (Crestani, 2016). On the other hand, acute stress induces physiological changes in the autonomic nervous system. These responses, which are mainly characterized by changes in the cardiovascular system, are short-term adaptive mechanisms to aversive threats that maintain homeostasis and ensure survival. Cardiovascular changes in response to acute stress include increase in blood pressure, HR, and cardiac output (Busnardo, Tavares, & Correa, 2014; Crestani, Tavares, Alves, Resstel, & Correa, 2010; Dos Reis, Fortaleza, Tavares, & Corrêa, 2014).