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Post-traumatic stress disorder
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Eyad El-Sarraj, Taysir Diab, Abdel Aziz Thabet
A variety of modalities have been presented in descriptive papers, including individual, family, group, behavior and self-inoculation therapy, as well as psycho-pharmacological treatment. Unfortunately, there has been limited evidence of the effectiveness of various treatment interventions, or the comparative advantages and specificity of therapeutic modalities. A recent study in the United States that evaluated women who were suffering from PTSD and randomized to receive “prolonged exposure therapy” (a type of cognitive behavioral therapy) or another type of supportive therapy, reported significantly greater benefits in both short- and long-term outcomes with the patients receiving prolonged exposure therapy.21
Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Published in David B. Cooper, Jo Cooper, Palliative Care Within Mental Health, 2018
An exact prevalence of PTSD and trauma-related symptoms in palliative and hospice care settings is unknown and likely due to psychological treatment not being a priority in facilities providing palliative and end-of-life care. In a sample taken from a Veterans Affairs (VA) facility in 2010, roughly 17 percent of patients demonstrated PTSD symptomology in the last month of life (Alici et al. 2010). Most of this sample did not enter care with a PTSD or related diagnosis, which suggests that their symptoms had been undetected or not reported during their lifetime or that they developed PTSD-related symptoms after admission into end-of-life care. Other research implies that being critically ill can be traumatic, further spiking prevalence rates up to 60 percent (Schelling et al. 2001; Jackson et al. 2007). There are a growing number of evidence-based treatments that target trauma-related diagnoses. Some of the most commonly used treatments for PTSD include Prolonged Exposure Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, and Present-Centered Therapy (Bradley et al. 2005; American Psychological Assessment (APA) Division 12 2016). Yet, without a clear-cut history or a formal diagnosis, how should non-mental health professionals assess for trauma when they suspect it might be contributing to current problems?
Exercise and Anxiety Disorders
Published in Henning Budde, Mirko Wegner, The Exercise Effect on Mental Health, 2018
Jennifer Mumm, Sophie Bischoff, Andreas Ströhle
This result was confirmed by a pilot study with nine patients with PTSD (Powers et al. 2015). They all received a 12-session treatment with prolonged exposure therapy. While the control group received no further intervention the experimental group completed a 30-minute treadmill task at 70% of heart rate reserve prior to each exposure session. Physical exercise was associated with significant increase of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in serum and a stronger reduction of PTSD symptoms. BDNF is known to play an important role in cognitive processes like fear extinction. It is hypothesized that changes in BDNF due to exercise account for the better improvement in PTSD symptoms in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Applying the developmental model of use disorders to hedonic hunger: a narrative review
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Mary Takgbajouah, Joanna Buscemi
The clinical implications of these findings are that underlying trauma may need to be addressed in order to treat health-risk behaviors. For example, there have been trauma-informed, resilience-based treatments that have been developed for treatment of use disorders40 and maladaptive eating patterns.41 Evidence has also shown that prolonged exposure therapy is effective for treating trauma.42 Cognitive processing therapy, a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that helps patients increase their awareness of the connection between their emotions and their thoughts to challenge and improve maladaptive automatic thoughts, has also been shown to be effective for treating trauma.43 This is especially relevant, as emotion regulation has been found to mediate the relationship between ACEs and problematic, compulsive social media use,44 food consumption,44 and gambling.26 Similarly, a reduced ability to regulate negative emotions has been found to be associated with insecure attachment.33 It is important to acknowledge that ACEs do not necessarily cause use disorders. For example, individuals who have not experienced ACEs may still develop a use disorder or food addiction. Similarly, individuals who have experienced ACEs may not develop a use disorder. Nevertheless, when ACEs and use disorders DO co-occur, consideration of treating the trauma may be essential to treating the use disorder.
Sexual Desire among Veterans Receiving Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Does Successful PTSD Treatment Also Yield Improvements in Sexual Desire?
Published in Psychiatry, 2020
Christal L. Badour, Keith S. Cox, Jessica R. M. Goodnight, Jessica Flores, Peter W. Tuerk, Sheila A. M. Rauch
Participants were assigned to a clinical therapist for PE following a standardized PTSD assessment (Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (Blake, Weathers, & Nagy et al., 1995) or PTSD Symptom Scale Interview (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993). Therapists included clinical psychologists, social workers, psychology postdoctoral residents, or predoctoral psychology interns. Standard clinic practices included weekly PE peer-group supervision. Inclusion criteria were: 1) use of PE throughout treatment, and 2) a baseline and at least one other assessment of PTSD symptoms and sexual interest within a single 180-day period. Prolonged Exposure therapy (PE; Foa et al., 2007) is a manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol typically administered over 8 to 13 weekly 90-minute individual sessions. Primary elements of PE include: a) psychoeducation about trauma and PTSD, b) in-vivo exposures to safe situations avoided due to PTSD-related distress, d) repeated and prolonged imaginal exposure to traumatic memories, and e) processing of in-session imaginal exposures. Between sessions, patients complete in vivo exposures and listen to audio recordings of sessions (including imaginal exposures).
The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions for Women Traumatized by Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
The interventions are summarized in Table 2. The most frequent intervention was some type of cognitive therapy: cognitive behavioral therapy (Foa et al., 1991; Littleton et al., 2016; Zoellner et al., 1999), cognitive processing therapy (Chard, 2005; Resick et al., 2002) or cognitive restructuring and imagery modification (Jung & Steil, 2013). The Foa et al. (1991), Resick et al. (2002) and Zoellner et al. (1999) interventions included prolonged exposure therapy. Foa et al. (1991) and Zoellner et al. (1999) included stress inoculation training. Miller et al. (2015) incorporated a video intervention with psychoeducation, and Smith et al. (2012) and Talbot et al. (2011) combined coping strategies with interpersonal psychotherapy.