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When (Fake) News Feels True
Published in Ciarán Mc Mahon, Psychological Insights for Understanding COVID-19 and Media and Technology, 2020
Norbert Schwarz, Madeline Jalbert
Key to intuitive assessments of truth is the ease with which the message can be processed. For example, when something is incompatible with other things we know or the story we are told is incoherent, we stumble and backtrack to make sure we understood it correctly (Johnson-Laird, 2012; Winkielman, Huber, Kavanagh, & Schwarz, 2012). This makes the subjective experience of ease of processing, often referred to as processing fluency, a (fallible) indicator of whether the message may have a problem that needs closer attention. Similar considerations apply to the other truth criteria, as discussed later in the chapter. Throughout, difficult processing marks the message for closer scrutiny, whereas easy processing favors message acceptance.
“Then and Now”: Examining the Impact of Temporal Focus on Persuasive Messages across Seniors and Young Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2021
The findings from this research could have widespread implications on consumer behavior, especially if marketers can harness this knowledge to design past-focused messages that appeal more strongly to older adults. This is important, as research has shown that the fit between an individual’s interests and the messages that they are exposed to is integral for effective persuasion. Indeed, Lee, Keller, and Sternthal (2010) illustrated that people responded more favorably when there was a match between their regulatory focus goals (i.e., promotion, prevention) and the construal level with which the persuasive message was presented. Specifically, individual’s with a promotion focus responded more positively to high-level, abstract messages, while those with a prevention focus preferred low-level, concrete messages. The researchers further reported that the match between one’s goals and the persuasive message is important because it induces greater engagement with the message, in turn leading to enhanced processing fluency and magnified positive reactions. This research, in concert with the findings from the current study, indicates that strengthening the connection between people’s social motives and the persuasive messages that they are exposed to may be an effective means toward improving marketing effectiveness across different age groups.
‘We are on the same page:' the importance of doctors EHR screen sharing for promoting shared information and collaborative decision-making
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2020
Lyn M. Van Swol, Miranda Kolb, Onur Asan
The elaboration likelihood model portrays people systematically processing persuasive messages and information when they have the ability and motivation to do so [32]. When information is difficult to understand, this can reduce both the ability of the receiver to understand and process a message and the motivation to want to spend time trying to understand complex, medical information, in particular [33]. However, moderate repetition of information can increase message scrutiny, as well as one’s ability to understand it [34]. In addition, according to the reiteration effect, people are more likely to perceive information as true when it is repeated, possibly because people misjudge the increased processing fluency of repeated information for feelings of the information as right or truthful [35,36]. Thus, information that is repeated is more likely to be processed, perceived as true, and influence judgment [32,37].
Language processing fluency and verbal working memory in prelingually deaf long-term cochlear implant users: A pilot study
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2018
William G. Kronenberger, Shirley C. Henning, Allison M. Ditmars, David B. Pisoni
Interference time scores were obtained for the RAPN and LDT measures by subtracting the (corrected) time to complete the verbal WM dual-task condition from the time to complete the standard condition of each task. Thus, the interference scores reflected the impact of the dual-task condition on language processing fluency compared to the standard condition, such that higher (e.g. less negative) interference scores indicated less interference from the dual-task condition, whereas lower (e.g. more negative) interference scores indicated more interference from the dual-task condition. The CI and NH subsamples were then compared on time, interference, and accuracy scores for the LDT and RAPN using t-tests; P-values were 1-tailed based on the hypothesis that the CI sample would show slower times, poorer accuracy, and greater dual-task interference (more negative [lower] interference scores) compared to the NH sample. Correlations were calculated between demographic/IQ (age, WASI Matrix Reasoning T-score, family income), hearing history (age of onset of deafness, duration of deafness, age at implantation, duration of implant use, best pre-implant PTA), controlled fluency-speed, LDT, and RAPN scores; samples were combined for these correlational analyses (with the exception of hearing history variables that were pertinent only to the CI sample) because of small sample size. Two-tailed P-values were used for all correlations because we did not have consistent hypothesized relationships between these latter sets of variables.