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Listening to the Language of the Body
Published in Shamit Kadosh, Asaf Rolef Ben-Shahar, Incorporating Psychotherapeutic Concepts and Interventions Within Medicine, 2019
Shamit Kadosh, Asaf Rolef Ben-Shahar
As physicians, we are used to listening to symptoms either by taking medical history and asking about the duration, intensity, precipitating and alleviating factors, or by means of physical examination. When patients decide to see a doctor, they have to choose how to convey their symptoms in the medical encounter. Some symptoms might be clear and unequivocal, whereas others are much more complex or opaque to put into words. Patients reveal diverse ways of coding their messages by using indirect forms of communication. When patients communicate personal distress through bodily symptoms, they express aspects of their illness experience that can be easily accessible in words (Freeman, 2016).
Anxiety and somatoform disorders
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Brigitte Khoury, Michel R Khoury, Laeth S Nasir
Anxiety disorders are a group of psychiatric disorders that share persistent anxiety that is more severe than expected, given the situation. The anxiety often results in significant levels of personal distress. Distinguishing between what constitutes normal from abnormal anxiety on the continuum of behavior can be difficult at times. When making this distinction, clinicians usually base their decisions on the perceived degree of distress that is reported by the individual, impairment in social and occupational functioning, and the appropriateness of the degree of anxiety with a given environmental cue.
Changing people with programmes
Published in David Jones, Working with Dangerous People, 2018
A criticism of the ‘nothing works’ literature was that the ‘nothing works’ conclusion had been drawn from interventions which had targeted aspects of an individual’s problems which had little relevance to offending.9 A scepticism developed towards addressing psychological functioning or mental health needs which were not assumed to be related to recidivism as illustrated succinctly by Andrews: ‘If recidivism reflects anti social thinking, don’t target self esteem, target anti social thinking’ (p. 13).8 Furthermore, factors regarded as being related to personal distress and ‘. . . vague emotional complaints . . . whether assessed by way of sociological constructs of anomie, strain and alienation or by way of clinical constructs of low self esteem, anxiety, depression, worry or officially labelled “mental disorder” are identified as minor or less promising targets for treatment (p. 37).10 For example, turning somebody into a better person where any definition of better person is not linked to recidivism is regarded as, at best, a less promising target for intervention.7 Interventions with offenders which sought to alleviate psychological functioning and personal well-being as their primary treatment goal were considered to be driven by a theoretical framework of little relevance to the reduction of recidivism.
Lessons Learned about the Need for Early Screening for Depression during the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Akuekegbe Uwadiale, Millie Cordaro, Kaitlin Brunett, Mark Stern, Krista Howard
This study used two of the subscales of the IRI: Empathic Concern and Personal Distress (Davis, 1983). Each of the subscales has seven items measured on a 5-point Likert scale with responses ranging from does not describe me well to describes me very well. The Empathic Concern subscale evaluates feelings of sympathy and concern for unfortunate others. An example on the Empathic Concern subscale is, “I often have tender, concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me.” The Personal Distress subscale gauges feelings of personal anxiety in stressful situations. An example from the Personal Distress subscale is, “In emergency situations, I feel apprehensive and ill-at-ease.” The Empathic Concern subscale in this sample (M = 4.17, SD = 0.28) achieved an alpha reliability of .762, and the Personal Distress subscale in this sample (M = 2.39, SD = 0.59) achieved an alpha reliability of .841.
The relationship of spirituality and empathy to attitudes towards addiction
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2022
Chris Stewart, James Whitworth, Shawn A. Lawrence
The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was utilized to measure dispositional empathy (Davis, 1983a). This measure conceptualizes empathy as four interrelated dimensions and allows for a comprehensive understanding of the empathetic process as described by Davis’ Organizational Model (2018). Each dimension consists of seven items ranked from 0 (does not describe me well) to 4 (describes me very well). The Perspective Taking (PT) dimension assesses cognitive empathy. Essentially, this dimension seeks to measure the tendency of an individual to see another’s viewpoint (e.g., ‘I sometimes try to understand my friends better by imagining how things look from their perspective.’). The Fantasy (FS) dimension measures the degree to which an individual empathizes with fictional characters and situations (e.g., ‘I really get involved with the feelings of the characters in a novel.’). The Empathetic Concern (EC) scale measures the degree to which an individual feels for others in distress (e.g., ‘I often have tender, concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me.’). Lastly, the Personal Distress (PD) scale measures an individual’s response to the suffering of others (e.g., ‘When I see someone who badly needs help in an emergency, I go to pieces.’).
Training adults with acquired brain injury how to help-seek when wayfinding: an understudied critical life skill
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Young Susan Cho, McKay Moore Sohlberg, Richard Albin, Leonard Diller, Robert Horner, Joseph Rath, Michael Bullis
A functional task domain that is heavily reliant on social cognition is help-seeking during wayfinding. Wayfinding, the ability to navigate in an unfamiliar spatially extended environment, relies on help-seeking, particularly for people with ABI (Sohlberg et al., 2007). Wayfinding has been identified as critical for community reintegration, safety, and quality of life (Antonakos, 2004; Lui et al., 2008; Sohlberg et al., 2006). Getting lost may cause personal distress, particularly for people with cognitive impairment (Chiu et al., 2004). One study showed that people with moderate ABI have a high vulnerability to getting lost when navigating on foot and require outside assistance for successful route completion when compared to unimpaired controls (Lemoncello, Sohlberg, & Fickas, 2010). Navigation profiles for community dwelling people with brain injuries showed that they did not initiate venturing out of their apartments in part due to feeling vulnerable to becoming lost (Sohlberg et al., 2006).