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Assessment
Published in William Steele, Reducing Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, 2019
The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) has been one of the more widely used psychological inventories for measuring one’s perception of stress. It is not specific to working conditions nor focused on those who care for others. It is a brief 10-item inventory that measures how we are interpreting what we were exposed to day-to-day over the past month. What stresses one may not stress out another so this measure of perception is important for determining individual stress levels based on how we are experiencing life in general. The fact is if we perceive a situation to be stressful our nervous system, cognitive processes and performance levels respond accordingly.
The Sandwich Generation
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
The couple completed a full diagnostic assessment during the first session to assess biopsychosocial functioning along with the couple’s diagnostic and treatment history. Revelations surrounding the recent significant life changes prompted the clinician to conduct a comprehensive assessment battery in lieu of the couple’s second scheduled session. The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983) was utilized to measure individual perceptions of stress during the previous month. The Perceived Support Scale (Krause & Markides, 1990) was used to measure perceived social supports for caregiving functions. For purposes of couple therapy, large discrepancies between individual partners on individual items or subscales could serve as a direct indication of triggers or other sources of interpersonal conflict.
Mind–Body Medicine
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Jacqueline Proszynski, Darshan H. Mehta
Perceived stress. One of the most common psychometric outcome measures used in MBT clinical trials is perceived stress, which is defined as the feelings or thoughts that an individual has about their own stress during a designated period of time (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein 1983). The most widely used measure of perceived stress is the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein 1983), which aims to capture the extent to which life is generally appraised as stressful, overloaded, unpredictable, and uncontrollable over the previous month, and one's ability to handle such stress. Reductions in perceived stress are often accompanied by improvements in symptom severity, sense of well-being, and overall quality of life. Conversely, higher perceived stress scores have been associated with elevated symptom severity, poorer health outcomes, and decreased quality of life (White et al. 2014). In all, perceived stress may be an indicator of the quality and effectiveness of an intervention in research as well as in practice.
Covid-19 fear, happiness and stress in adults: the mediating role of psychological resilience and coping with stress
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2022
In order to determine the perceived stress level of adults, the Perceived Stress Scale was used, which was adapted to Turkish by Bilge et al. (2009). The scale is a 5-point Likert-type scale (0 never, 4 very frequently) and has two sub-dimensions, which include perceived stress and perceived coping. The scale is scored within the range of 0–32. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine the validity of the Perceived Stress Scale in this study. The values of fit indices indicate that the scale was verified (Table 1), with the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients of the scale coming to .81. The scale can be interpreted in terms of both total and subscale scores. Perceived stress and perceived coping subscales were used separately in this study, in line with the assessment criteria of the scale and the aims of the study. The higher the scores obtained from the perceived stress scale, the higher the perceived stress level. The higher the scores obtained from the perceived coping scale, the higher the level of stress coping behaviour of an individual. In this study, the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients of the perceived stress and coping scales were found as .83 and .80, respectively.
Elevated levels of hair cortisol concentrations in professional dementia caregivers
Published in Stress, 2021
Daniel Rippon, Andrew McDonnell, Matt Bristow, Michael A. Smith, Michael McCreadie, Mark A. Wetherell
Ethical approval for this study to be conducted was granted by the research ethics committees with the School of Health and Life Sciences at the University of Northumbria at Newcastle and the Faculty of Science & Technology at Anglia Ruskin University. The 34 dementia carers all met with the principal researcher (author D.R) as a single group within a care home setting and were briefed on the aims of the study. The dementia carers were then required to provide written informed consent to document that they agreed to provide hair samples for the purpose of the study. Participants then completed the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983). Once all of the hair samples had been collected by the researcher (author D.R), the dementia carers received a debrief from the researcher and were thanked for their participation in the study. Hair samples and completed PSS, as provided by staff working in higher education and undergraduate students, were collected by researchers at the Biomarker Analysis Laboratory at Anglia Ruskin University. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.
Effect of acute psychosocial stress on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in humans – a randomized cross within trial
Published in Stress, 2021
Robin Hermann, Andrea Schaller, Daniel Lay, Wilhelm Bloch, Christian Albus, Katja Petrowski
(1) The Symptom-Check-List-90-R consists of 90 items with a five-point rating scale from 0-“Not at all” to 4-“Extremly” (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1977). Cronbach’s alpha = 0.920. (2) Beck Depression Inventory consisting of 21 symptoms rated for intensity from 0 to 3 with question-dependent answers (BDI; Beck & Beamesderfer, 1974). Cronbach’s alpha = 0.613. (3) Perceived Stress Scale consisting of 14 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0-“Never” to 4-“Very often” (PSS; Cohen et al., 1983). Cronbach’s alpha = 0.368. And (4) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form X2 consisting of 20 items with a 4-point rating scale from 0-“Almost never” to 3-“Almost always” (STAI-X2; Laux et al., 1981). Cronbach’s alpha = 0.617. (5) Self-created socio-demographic questionnaire with the categories “Personal details,” “Ethnicity,” “Family status,” and “Education and Job-status.” (6) Self-created short medical history check.