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Case-Based Differential Diagnostic Mental Health Evaluation for Adults
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
Obsessions are defined by Criteria 1 and 2:Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress.The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (i.e., by performing a compulsion).
Chronic Catathymic Homicides
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
An obsession is “an idea, emotion, or impulse that repetitively and insistently forces itself into consciousness even though it is unwelcome” (Hinsie and Campbell, 1970, p. 518). Although obsessive features often accompany depressive states, some depressed individuals also have a distinct and pronounced obsession beyond that associated with the affective disorder. Frequently, obsessions appear as ideas “which are strongly charged with emotions” (p. 518), and sometimes there is a strong urge to act, such as in “impulsive obsessions which are repetitively intrusive ideas that lead to action” (p. 519).
OCD and Related Disorders
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Phill Nagle, Christopher Gale, Jo Barker
An obsession is defined as a frequent and repetitive intrusive thought, image or urge that causes an increase in distress or anxiety. Typical obsessions in children and adolescents include a fear of contamination, fear of offending God, unwanted sexual thoughts often around family members or children, thoughts of harming others and transformation worries. OCD thoughts are no different from other thoughts. It is the significant meaning attached to the thought that causes distress, as it might clash with the personal values of the young person or create a fear of responsibility for something ‘bad’ happening.
Are the obsessive-compulsive traits a moderator for the relationship between autism and anorexia? A cross-sectional study among university students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most common comorbid disorder of AN which interferes with AN and ASD intersection. As a result, OCD has been mentioned as a high co-occurring psychiatric disorder with AN. According to the diagnostic criteria, between 35% and 44% of individuals with AN are also diagnosed as OCD.15 OCD and AN have common personality traits such as rigidity and perfectionism.16 Also, unwanted intrusive cognitions are common in both OCD and AN.17 In addition, some cognitions that serve to reduce the anxiety in AN are similar to obsessions and compulsions which are seen in OCD.18 In a recent study, a close association between obsessions and AN symptoms has also been mentioned.19 In addition to shared clinical characteristics, shared heritability has also been mentioned between AN and OCD.20 Besides that, among patients and their first degree relatives, ASD and OCD share some common clinical and etiological characteristic features such as stereotyped and repetitive patterns of behavior,21 similar brain structure abnormalities21 and similar executive function impairments.22 Furthermore, these disorders are also frequently comorbid.23 A recent longitudinal study has suggested a twofold increased risk of developing OCD for individuals diagnosed with ASD and vice versa, fourfold increased risk of having ASD for OCD patients when compared with people with no prior diagnosis.21
What is the impact of pharmacotherapy on psychotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Donatella Marazziti, Andrea Pozza, Maria Teresa Avella, Federico Mucci
It is a common notion that the most appropriate treatments for psychiatric disorders include, or should include, an integration of pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy, or the use of one of the two strategies to potentiate the other. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is typical in this sense. It is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by peculiar symptoms that are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions consist of intrusive, repetitive ideas, thoughts, memories, feelings, images, which patients feel as disturbing and irrational and try to neutralize with specific actions or mental acts that are compulsions. Compulsions are behaviors or mental acts that the patients feel forced to perform usually, but not always occurring subsequently to an obsession to reduce distress or to prevent feared events.
The Padua Inventory–Washington State University Revision of Obsessions and Compulsions: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2020
María Rubio-Aparicio, Rosa M. Núñez-Núñez, Julio Sánchez-Meca, José Antonio López-Pina, Fulgencio Marín-Martínez, José Antonio López-López
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM–5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines obsessions as recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that one recognizes as unwanted, inappropriate, and intrusive, causing marked anxiety or distress. Compulsions are defined as repetitive behaviors or mental acts that one performs in response to an obsession or certain rules, to prevent or reduce anxiety, distress, or avoid some negative event. However, these behaviors are not connected realistically with what they want to neutralize. This disorder is more prevalent in females than in males in adulthood, but the opposite is true in childhood. The prevalence of OCD in adults has been estimated to be approximately 1.1% to 1.8% (Kessler, Petukhova, Sampson, Zaslavsky, & Wittchen, 2012; Somers, Goldner, Waraich, & Hsu, 2006).