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Abnormal Personality in Functional Somatic Syndromes
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The main data collection instrument was the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (Cloninger, 1987b), which measures 12 personality features grouped into the categories of harm avoidance, novelty seeking, and reward dependence. Harm avoidance explores anticipatory worry and pessimism, fear of uncertainty, shyness with strangers, and fatigability and asthenia. Novelty seeking evaluates exploratory excitability, impulsiveness, extravagance, and disorderliness. Reward dependence measures sentimentality, attachment, persistence, and dependence.
Special Problems of Substance Abuse in Adolescence
Published in Frank Lynn Iber, Alcohol and Drug Abuse as Encountered in Office Practice, 2020
A recent evaluation of veterans using the findings of Cloninger divided alcoholics into those with age of onset before age 20 and who had fathers who also abused alcohol, and those without these risk factors. It was found that patients who started alcohol abuse at an early age (with or without the father also being alcoholic) had three times the likelihood of depression, four times the likelihood of suicide, and a significantly higher likelihood of being involved with crimes of physical violence than those who started alcoholic drinking after age 20.5 A further study by the same author, looking at school-age children and following them into adulthood, found that the characteristics of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence were not correlated with one another but were predictors of later substance abuse. High novelty seeking and low harm avoidance were the most strongly predictive markers of early onset of alcohol abuse.6
Posttraumatic Personality Disorders
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
Novelty seeking (impulsive or deliberate): Contrasting a drive to approach rewards, avoidance of conditioned signals of punishment, escape from punishment after an injury, or valued intellectual or stirring activities, there is substituted general inactivity or passive attendance at undemanding TV or radio.
Nutritional stress timing differentially programs cognitive abilities in young adult male mice
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Bruno G. Berardino, Fabricio Ballarini, Mariela Chertoff, Lionel M. Igaz, Eduardo T. Cánepa
The locomotor activity measured in the open field showed no significant differences between NP and LP mice regardless of the stage at which nutritional stress was elicited. However, LP-P and LP-A mice displayed fewer number of rearings in the open field than their NP-P and NP-A counterparts, respectively, suggesting a deficit in exploratory behavior in perinatal and adolescent protein-restricted offspring. Exploration is a complex behavior that requires not only motor coordination but also integration of sensory input [38]. Novelty-seeking behavior is thought to be related to brain systems modulated by dopamine and has been shown to be perturbed in many clinical manifestations [39]. Studies in severely malnourished children have shown a trend similar to that found in the present study, i.e. marked behavioral impairments such as apathy, lack of activity and decreased exploration of the environment [40].
Prevalence and characteristics of South African treatment-seeking patients with substance use disorder and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Corné Coetzee, Ilse Truter, Anneke Meyer
These findings may be explained by the association between the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene polymorphism (7-repeats) and variation in personality traits such as novelty-seeking and risk-taking [69,70]. Other studies have shown that long alleles of DRD4 are associated with ADHD [71,72]. Evidence from genetic association studies of personality suggests that high levels of novelty-seeking traits are often associated with psychological disorders such as ADHD [73]. Novelty-seeking is a behavioral trait related to the tendency for increased risk-taking and exploratory excitability. This trait, historically, might have produced a positive influence in individuals, since it might have facilitated progress and advancement. It is noteworthy to mention that it has been related, genetically and behaviorally, with increased incidences of drug addiction [74]. The commonality among these behaviors appears to be the exploratory aspect of human nature. Venturesome and impulsive behavior is personality dimensions which are prominent in drug abusers [70]. Chen and colleagues reported in 1999 [75] an correlation between the variation of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) allele frequencies around the globe and population migration patterns.
Comparing the Personality Traits of Patients with an Eating Disorder versus a Dual Diagnosis
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2020
Magda Rosińska, Marcela González González, Antoni Grau Touriño, María Soledad Mora Giral
The DD group had a negative correlation in novelty seeking. This is also in line with previous studies showing that dual disorder groups are more inclined to be impulsive, take risks, and be careless (Del Pino-Gutiérrez et al., 2017; Evren et al., 2007; Ibáñez et al., 2001; Janiri et al., 2007; Jiménez-Murcia et al., 2015). This evidence shows that novelty seeking is a pronounced personality trait in these individuals, which may become subdued, post clinical treatment; although, this trait may manifest in other forms. For instance, an individual could possibly feel a need to keep themselves continuously occupied by always doing a new activity or consuming a new piece of information. This desire to seek out newness in life may need to be redirected in the individual to a more positive trend.