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The Musical Key to Babies' Cognitive and Social Development
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
So, did something go wrong with The Mozart Effect? With regards to the original study, it was discovered that the short-term IQ increase had nothing to do with Mozart or music, but was due to the relative advantage that the music-listening group had in relation to the control group who had to sit in uncomfortable silence before taking their test (Nantais & Schellenberg, 1999; Thompson et al., 2001). Yet, the appeal of The Mozart Effect is easy to see: In our society focused on the prestige of experts and the effectiveness of passive consumption, what would be better than to be able to press a button and make your child a genius simply by listening to a famous composer? Unfortunately, this is unlikely to happen, just as if you sat a child in front of a video to watch sports, you could expect them to get fitter. To develop physically, a child needs to move; to develop musically, a child needs to be actively making music in some form.
Creative Arts and Somatic Therapies
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Roberta Shoemaker-Beal, M. A. Lawless Coker
Slowly, over the decades, the creative arts therapies have been invited into more psychiatric settings, special-needs educational centers, and a variety of mental health, treatment, and rehabilitation centers as psychiatry and psychology began to shift away from a focus on pathology toward a focus on creative interventions for more effective treatment (Rubin, 1988). Creativity is not only part of the 1990s’ emergence of energy psychology; it is also a part of the somatic therapy approaches that use both hemispheres. All neuro-structures of the brain utilized interconnectedly, with movement experiences for the body in the creation process, help integrate trauma, soothe the limbic brain, and begin the healing process (Levine, 1997; van der Kolk, 1994; van der Kolk et al., 1996). During the 1990s, Dr. Don Campbell wrote The Mozart Effect, which identified the neurological foundations and best practices for music therapy for a variety of people, in a variety of settings (Campbell, 1997).
How early is too early for music?
Published in Sarah Kuppen, Little Kids, Big Dilemmas, 2018
The suggestion that we can boost the development of our baby in pregnancy attracts a lot of excitement, as well as column inches. The Mozart effect is one such myth, which emanates from research undertaken in the early 1990s. The enduring claim is that playing Mozart to our unborn child will positively affect her intelligence. In fact, the original evidence did not concern babies at all and was related to a short term effect in spatial reasoning seen in university students (Rauscher, Shaw, & Ky, 1993). The Mozart effect was a creation of the popular media and has no compelling scientific backing. But this is not to say that listening to music has no place in pregnancy. In fact, music can have a calming effect on mothers. We also know that music is processed at some level by the unborn baby. For example, two to four day old infants recognise the jingle of a favourite TV programme watched at the end of pregnancy (Hepper, 1991). However, these tunes are soon forgotten.
Non-pharmacological treatments for pediatric refractory epilepsies
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Eleonora Rotondo, Antonella Riva, Alessandro Graziosi, Noemi Pellegrino, Caterina Di Battista, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Pasquale Striano
Another potential complementary treatment option for patients with DRE is represented by music therapy. The mechanisms through which music stimuli may act to improve epilepsy control are still poorly understood [99], however, a large number of trials and animal studies have focused on Mozart<apos;>s music sonatas, and especially on Mozart<apos;>s sonata for two pianos in D major K. 448 and K. 545, that seem to be effective in causing EEG changes, reducing the epileptiform discharges [100,101]. The so-called ‘Mozart effect’ also appears to ameliorate the patients’ quality of life, decreasing aggression and irritability, and improving mood and nighttime sleep. A similar effect has been observed with a song realized by a Greek musician, similar to Mozart<apos;>s piece in melody and structure; conversely, no effects have been demonstrated with other famous musical compositions such as Beethoven<apos;>s ones [102]. The underlying effects of music therapy are uncertain; however, resonance mechanisms or the activation of mirror neurons may lead to a modulation of several neuronal networks which may ultimately exert an antiepileptic effect [103,104]. Furthermore, music has been shown to enhance the dopamine pathways and stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system [105] which can, in turn, reduce the propagation of epileptic discharges influencing thalamocortical projections.
Does Music Matter? A Look at the Issues and the Evidence
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2019
Other negative reports followed (e.g., Carstens, Huskins, & Hounshell, 1995; Črnčec, Wilson, & Prior, 2006; Fudin & Lembessis, 2004; Steele, Bass, & Crook, 1999), including two in Nature where Rauscher et al.’s (1993) report appeared: a new empirical study (Steele, Dalla Bella, et al., 1999) and a meta-analysis of 16 studies yielding an effect size of d = 0.09 (Chabris, 1999), followed by a reply from Rauscher (1999), who said of the negative reports, “Because some people cannot get bread to rise does not negate the existence of a ‘yeast effect’” (p. 828). But more bread failed to rise. One report was entitled, “Another failure to generalize the Mozart effect” (McCutcheon, 2000); another, “Listening to Mozart does not improve children’s spatial ability,” added the subtitle “Final curtains for the Mozart effect” (McKelvie & Low, 2002); and a second meta-analysis, now of 39 studies, summed it up this way: “Mozart effect—Shmozart effect” (Pietschnig, Voracek, & Formann, 2010).
The role of music therapy in rehabilitation: improving aphasia and beyond
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Simona Leonardi, Alberto Cacciola, Rosaria De Luca, Bianca Aragona, Veronica Andronaco, Demetrio Milardi, Placido Bramanti, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
Rauscher et al. [52] demonstrated that listening to Mozart K.448 enhances spatial reasoning and memory in rats, the so-called ‘Mozart Effect’, thus paving the way for the study of music's effect on humans. A recent work [53] investigated the effects of Mozart K448 on both rats and humans’ behaviour, by using a comparison with the retrograde version of the same piece (as a contrast test for Mozart music). The authors suggested that the nature of Mozart effect is the Mozart rhythm, and indicated that different music may have quite different opposite effects. The Mozart effect could be explained through the activation of a sensory motor circuit mediated by mirror neurons, which could be considered the anatomical substrate conveying auditory stimuli to the motor cortex. Notably, several studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of Mozart music on epilepsy [54–56]. In particular, more than 50% of children with refractory epilepsy treated with MT (listening to K448) showed a decrease in seizure frequency by 50%–98% and two had even a 100% remission (seizures free) [56]. Music is known as an agent that increases dopamine levels, and this could somehow explain the beneficial effects of music on epilepsy.