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Building mindfulness and mindfulness-based skills
Published in Lorraine Bell, Helping People Overcome Suicidal Thoughts, Urges and Behaviour, 2021
In people with a history of suicidal depression, recurrence of depressive features can reactivate suicidal thinking. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is aimed at helping patients “de-centre” from negative thinking and is recommended by NICE (2009) to prevent relapse in people who are currently well but have experienced three or more previous episodes of depression. Forkmann et al (2014) investigated the effects of MBCT on suicidal ideation in an RCT of 130 patients with residual features of depression. There was a significant reduction of suicidal ideation in the MBCT group but not in the waiting list control group. The authors conclude MBCT may reduce suicidal ideation in patients with residual features of depression and that this effect may be mediated in part by participants’ enhanced capacity to distance themselves from worrying thoughts. Barnhofer et al (2015) found MBCT for those with a history of suicidal depression can help to weaken the association between depressive features and suicidal thinking, and thus reduce vulnerability for relapse to suicidal depression. Chesin et al (2015) adapted MBCT to enhance patients’ awareness of suicide triggers and appropriate coping strategies (MBCT-S) and found MBCT-S significantly reduced suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms, but not hopelessness. MBCT-S was also acceptable and safe for participants. Chesin et al (2016a) conclude from this pilot study that MBCT-S may improve cognitive deficits specific to suicidal ideation and attempts in depressed patients.
The art and science of mindfulness
Published in Antonella Sansone, Cultivating Mindfulness to Raise Children Who Thrive, 2020
Today it has become almost normal to be stressed. It shows that you are engaged with the world, a sort of business card. We almost attribute rest to laziness. This adult attitude has affected children, and many develop mental issues or drop out of school in consequence of the pressure, as they cannot cope emotionally. We have got to a turning point where we need to create a new paradigm of rest, being and presence. Mindfulness practice offers a tool for managing stress and anxiety and helps to create this new paradigm. Mindfulness-based meditation interventions and other closely related meditation practices including loving-kindness meditation and compassion meditation have become increasingly popular in contemporary psychology (Hofmann et al., 2011). Combining ancient wisdom and twenty-first-century science, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has proved to be a powerful tool to help prevent relapse in depression and the after-effects of trauma (Kenny & Williams, 2007; Segal et al., 2001). Mindfulness-based approaches in healthcare began in the US with psychologist Kabat-Zinn’s pioneering research into mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), which proved enormously beneficial for patients with chronic pain, hypertension and heart disease, as well as for psychological problems such as anxiety and stress (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). The improvements in health outcomes and the decrease in stress have been shown by other studies (Grossman et al., 2004).
Dignity Redefined
Published in Kathleen Benton, Renzo Pegoraro, Finding Dignity at the End of Life, 2020
Kathleen Benton, Ursula Bates, David Shannon, Michael DeLoach, Julia DeLoach
The arc of MBSR and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) programs offers a helpful template in adapting mindfulness on an individual or group basis where time may not allow for the standard 2.5-hour sessions each week for eight weeks. The first four weeks of MBSR/MBCT focus on stabilizing attention while noticing habits such as “mind wandering” and operating in “automatic pilot” mode. The second half of the eight-week program then more specifically encourages opening to and “turning toward” difficulty. We have found placing the emphasis on stabilizing attention by returning to the body and breath to be a helpful focus in initial individual and day hospice group sessions, given the inherent instability and uncertainty surrounding serious illness.
Examination of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Ebru Başkaya, Safiye Özgüç, Derya Tanrıverdi
MBCT has emerged as an approach to therapy that combines mindfulness practices with elements of cognitive therapy (Ögel et al., 2014). MBCT thus includes a variety of mindfulness practices designed to improve non-judgmental observations, awareness of bodily sensations, perceptions, and cognitions, and acceptance of emotions (Kristeller et al., 2006). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy helps individuals just a thought; It makes them realize that their emotions are just an emotion. The awareness of individuals that these thoughts and feelings are similar to the thoughts and feelings of other individuals will prevent judgmental attitudes toward themselves and negative self-focus. Mindfulness practices reduces all levels of suffering and increases our well-being in all our positive and negative experiences (Weinstein et al., 2009). Initially, MBCT was developed to prevent the recurrence of depression, and it was applied for an average of 2 hours a week and lasted 8 weeks (Segal et al., 2002). Today, mindfulness-based therapeutic practices are used for many psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, addictions, stress due to medical disorders, and borderline personality disorder (Devrim-Çatak & Ögel, 2010).
Can mindfulness-based interventions benefit people with dementia? Drawing on the evidence from a systematic review in populations with cognitive impairments
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Joanne Chan, Dara K. Y. Leung, Holly Walton, Gloria H. Y. Wong, Aimee Spector
Among these newer approaches, research evidence is more readily available for evaluating mindfulness-based interventions. The concept of ‘mindfulness’ is a way of paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and in a non-judgmental manner [22]. Mindfulness-based interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) [22] and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) [23], involve both focused attention and open-monitoring training [24]. Mindfulness-based stress reduction commonly involves eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions with daily 45-minute home practice, and a retreat day of 6 hours between weeks 6 and 7 [22]. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy consists of eight, weekly 2-hour sessions which incorporate both meditation techniques from the MBSR program and elements of cognitive behavioral therapy. It aims to develop participants’ metacognitive awareness by focusing on greater awareness of their relationship to their thoughts and feelings, without challenging specific thoughts [25].
Mindfulness in Therapy: A Critical Analysis
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Although mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be effective for a variety of conditions, several authors argue against the use on mindfulness with conditions such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and risk-factors for psychosis, unless the protocols are designed to address these issues (Dobkin, Irving, & Amar, 2012; Kuijpers, van der Heijden, Tuinier, & Verhoeven, 2007). The reason is that, unless delusions and other extremely disrupted mental contents (e.g., flashbacks) are not specifically addressed, the intervention is unlikely to be effective (Van Dam et al., 2018). In relation to adverse effects, meditation-induced depersonalization and other clinically significant problems are included in the DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), and they are recognized as problematic also by the National Institute of Health. The MBCT Implementation Resources (Kuyken, Crane, & Williams, 2012) lists as side effects: suicidality, depression, negative emotions, and flashbacks during meditation for individuals with trauma histories, or the so called “dark night” experiences, traumatic mental experiences triggered by intensive and prolonged mindfulness meditation. However, such extreme effects are less likely to occur with standardized, moderate intensity meditation exercises, as comprise standard protocols (Creswell, 2017). Currently, exclusion guidelines for MBCT exist, including suicidality and certain psychiatric disorders (Kuyken et al., 2012).