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Measuring vision, orientation and mobility in the wild
Published in John Ravenscroft, The Routledge Handbook of Visual Impairment, 2019
Dodds and Davis (1989) observed that motion parallax facilitates edge detection during travel. But our room self-orientation task (Finger et al., 2016) showed that ambient vision was only available to people with strong mental mapping skills: 85% of the cohort. These travellers could combine motion parallax and an awareness of likely objects in the environment, with mental mapping skills and spatial memory to integrate visual fragments into a bigger picture. In contrast, people with ultra-low vision and limited spatial cognition had no ambient vision: 15% of the cohort. Visual fragments remained spatially unrelated and meaningless to them, prompting no visual response.
Is There Cross-Cultural Evidence for an Association Between Intersectionality and Bioethical Decision Making? Not Yet, but Awaiting Advances in Mental Mapping
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2019
We can see that mental mapping can develop international bioethics and social and human sciences of the 20th century onto a more concrete and transdisciplinary basis in this century. We need to develop a common language for studies of life and ideas. There will be challenges for many aspects of our understanding of human beings, though we should be clear that there will always be more questions than answers for humans to attempt to understand ourselves and nature. Providing a different lens as through the lens of intersectionality should also affect policies in public health and preventative medicine. As we reflect on the concept of health itself, given the popularity of alternative models of medicine we may increase the acceptable forms of medicine in a society. Anything that makes us question the dogmatism of paternalistic professionalism in both social governance systems and clinical environments makes a lot of sense, as history has taught us that dogmatism leads to many abuses of power, and medicine is no exception to that. ▪
Virtual environment navigation with look-around mode to explore new real spaces by people who are blind
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Orly Lahav, Hadas Gedalevitz, Steven Battersby, David Brown, Lindsay Evett, Patrick Merritt
This paper will address two issues. First, it will explore the look-around mode of the virtual cane, which allows users who are blind to explore new spaces in a way radically different than that available in the real world. Second, it will study the influence of the look-around mode on the construction of mental maps. The main goal of this research is to understand the use of exploration strategies and their influences on the construction of mental maps and application of the mental map in the RS. For people who are blind, this special look-around mode is made possible only by the virtual cane technology. This study includes three main research questions:What exploration strategies and processes do people who are blind use when working with the VE Wii-based system in the experimental and the RS in the control groups?What were the participants’ mental mapping characteristics in the experimental and control groups?How did both research groups perform orientation tasks in the RSs?
Profiling guide dog handlers to support guide dog matching decisions
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Denny Meyer, Jahar Bhowmik, Fakir M. Amirul Islam, Lil Deverell
The importance of spatial cognition was evident in differences between the clusters, and the Orientation and Mobility Outcomes scale Part B gave a salient indicator of the handler’s mental mapping skills. When a guide dog applicant seems to avoid or have difficulty with independent travel (with or without a long cane) or recurring problems from disorientation, then use of a quick non-visual test of spatial cognition, such as the Stuart Tactile Maps test [24], would take some of the guess-work out of matching decisions as well as indicating effective approaches to training, leading to more efficient, cost-effective service delivery.