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Afterword
Published in Disa Lee Choun, Anca Petre, Digital Health and Patient Data, 2023
In a future world where health has a whole new meaning, not only about prevention and maintaining health but also personalizing your needs to enhance your health, collecting your medical information seamlessly and providing real-time information to you and reporting it directly to your medical team. This is using technologies that can be easily interoperable that can be used to continuously monitor your health such as sensors placed in all the rooms of your home to monitor vital signs such as breath rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, mood levels, and make the right recommendations that suit each person; also removing the need to go to the hospital for a scan or x-ray, and instead do it at your own home using a self-scan that can detect any abnormalities; and further, use devices that collect micro-samples of blood, saliva, etc. to assess your levels of cholesterol, liver function, all the biochemistry and haematology assessments. Use of technologies like AI to aggregate all that data and easily share the information with you and report to your medical or health team. AI can go beyond recommending treatment, diets, and wellness in general. In other words, your health team is no longer your traditional doctors, nurses, pathologist, pharmacists, in other words humans with medical background, but now includes AI, technology companies and device companies that build medical devices that include AI that will support your health and your quality of life. It is a hybrid medical team with more precise information about you, real-time assessment, and decision-making for your health and wellness.
Restricted acts and protected titles
Published in Michael Weir, Law and Ethics in Complementary Medicine, 2023
In this code of conduct: health care worker means a natural person who provides a health service (whether or not the person is registered under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law)health service has the same meaning as in Section 7 of the Health Ombudsman Act 2013 (Qld).
Machine Learning for Disease Classification: A Perspective
Published in Kayvan Najarian, Delaram Kahrobaei, Enrique Domínguez, Reza Soroushmehr, Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Medicine, 2022
Jonathan Parkinson, Jonalyn H. DeCastro, Brett Goldsmith, Kiana Aran
It is of course crucial that the data is labeled correctly, and this may represent a challenge for biomedical applications in general. International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, for example, are often used to indicate diagnoses in electronic health records (EHR). Errors in ICD code assignment are however not infrequent – estimates of the accuracy of ICD coding vary widely – and may arise from multiple possible sources of error (O’Malley et al., 2005). Physicians sometimes for example use abbreviations in their notes whose meaning may be ambiguous to the medical coder responsible for selecting and entering an appropriate diagnosis code (Sheppard et al., 2008).
Artificial intelligence in medical device software and high-risk medical devices – a review of definitions, expert recommendations and regulatory initiatives
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Alan G Fraser, Elisabetta Biasin, Bart Bijnens, Nico Bruining, Enrico G Caiani, Koen Cobbaert, Rhodri H Davies, Stephen H Gilbert, Leo Hovestadt, Erik Kamenjasevic, Zuzanna Kwade, Gearóid McGauran, Gearóid O’Connor, Baptiste Vasey, Frank E Rademakers
These documents have concerned MDSW in general, while recent guidance from the Chinese regulatory agency referred to AI-based MDSW specifically. It states that an AI system with ‘low maturity in medical applications,’ meaning that its safety and effectiveness have not been fully established, should be managed as a Class III medical device [defined as a high-risk medical device implanted into the human body, and used to support or sustain life] if it is going to be used ‘to assist decision-making, such as providing lesion feature identification, lesion nature determination, medication guidance, and treatment plan formulation’ [55]. If it is not used to aid decision-making, but rather for data processing or measurement that provides clinical reference information, then it will be managed as a Class II medical device. The UK regulatory agency envisages using a similar mechanism, called the ‘airlock classification rule,’ to assign class III to SaMD with a poorly understood risk profile [56]. The challenge for UK and Chinese policymakers is to translate ‘sufficiently understood’ or ‘fully established safety’ into a predictable and objective legal instrument. Equivalent clarity from all IMDRF regulators would be helpful.
COVID-19 lessons learned: medical devices at the core of global healthcare. A foreword on new challenges for expert review of medical devices!
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
One of the most intriguing aspects in the famous novel ‘The name of the Rose’ is the final Latin hexameter inspiring the book’s title: ‘stat rosa pristina nomine, nomina nuda tenemus.’ Of the various interpretations given to this suggestive sentence, the most plausible is that all the departed things leave pure names behind them. Names are important and we should stop and think about names’ origin and meanings. Since I have been humbled to be appointed as the Editor-in-Chief of Expert Review of Medical Devices, I find myself thinking about the origin and meaning of the term ‘device.’ According to the site www.etymonline.com, the modern term ‘device’ derives from the old French devis ‘division, separation; disposition’ that, in its turn, originates from the Latin verb ‘dividere’ meaning ‘to divide or arrange in small parts.’ When looking back to the long pathway leading from the ancient ‘dividere’ to the modern ‘device,’ one might be not so surprised, considering all the developments that have occurred in medical devices over the past several decades, especially through the implementation of sophisticated, flexible, adaptable, and sometimes even invisible, technologies [1–3].
Locus of Control and Purpose in Life as Protective Factors against the Risk for Suicide in Older Adults
Published in Smith College Studies in Social Work, 2021
The term “meaning in life” or “purpose in life” is broad, and it includes interpretations, feelings, opinions, attitudes, and perceptions that give subjective meaning to existence as part of the construction of the authentic self (Kleiman & Beaver, 2013). Meaning relates to something important and valuable for the person. Therefore, “meaning in life” refers to a meaningful life – a life that has added value to a person. The essence of Frankl’s theory (1984, 2000) is a search for meaning in life. For Frankl (1984, 2000), man is a spiritual creature, whose primary driving force in life is a strong desire to find meaning in life. This need is inherent in humanity; it is perpetual, dynamic, and universal. Therefore, individuals who see their life as meaningless feel that they are unable to realize valuable goals, or that the goals have lost their importance. Previous studies have shown a negative association between the level of meaning in life and risk and suicide behaviors (Aviad- Wilchek, 2014; Heisel & Flett, 2008), as well as a negative association between meaning in life and mental states, such as anxiety and depression (Testoni et al., 2018).