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The Anxious Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
Katie L. Springfield, Rosa M. Macklin-Hinkle
General assessment of distress and functioning is critical when determining treatment goals, interventions, and approaches. Along with general measures of couples’ level of functioning, there are a number of specific measures to assess for severity of specific disorders. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a self-report measure completed by the client to assess for symptoms of anxiety. The Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Mini-SPIN self-report measures assess more specifically for symptoms of social anxiety disorder (Connor, Kobak, Churchill, Katzelnick, & Davidson, 2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) is another brief self-report measure that can be useful in assessing for the presence and severity of social anxiety disorder.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Published in Stephen M. Stahl, Bret A. Moore, Anxiety Disorders: A Guide for Integrating Psychopharmacology and Psychotherapy, 2013
Catherine M. Kariuki, Dan J. Stein
Decreased rates of treatment-seeking are evident in SAD, with fewer than 50& of those with SAD presenting to a healthcare provider (Thompson, Hunt, & Issakidis, 2004; Wancata et al., 2009; Weiller et al, 1996). An Australian study identified a lack of knowledge about mental illness and available treatment as the predominant reason for delayed presentation to services (Thompson et al., 2004). Another possible barrier to help-seeking may be self-consciousness at having to undergo an evaluation, and the fear of not being taken seriously. The primary care practitioner is often the first contact for patients with SAD, and time to presentation can be decades long (Thompson et al., 2004; Weiller et al., 1996). Owing to the nature of the disorder, individuals may be reluctant to volunteer symptoms. Self-report measures such as the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Brief Social Phobia Scale, and the Social Phobia Inventory may facilitate the assessment process by quantifying severity (Veale, 2003).
Measurements of Depression and Anxiety Disorders
Published in Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen, Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
Dean F. MacKinnon, Hoehn-Saric Rudolf
Heimberg et al. [59] assessed the reliability, validity, and treatment sensitivity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Three hundred and eighty-two patients from several studies of the treatment of social phobia were evaluated. An independent assessor administered the LSAS to each patient prior to the initiation of treatment. Patients also completed other measures of social anxiety and avoidance, although the specific measures varied across the samples. The LSAS and its subscales were normally distributed and demonstrated excellent internal consistency. The convergent validity of the LSAS was demonstrated via significant correlations with other commonly used measures of social anxiety and avoidance. These correlations also tended to be larger than correlations with measures of depression, especially after treatment. However, the pattern of correlations of LSAS subscales with one another and with the other measures suggest that the fear subscales and the avoidance subscales may not be sufficiently distinct in clinical samples. The LSAS was also demonstrated to be sensitive to the effects of pharmacological treatments of social phobia over time. In conclusion, the LSAS appeared to be a reliable, valid, and treatment- sensitive measure of social phobia.
An Idiographic Single-Case Study Examining the Use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Three Amateur Golfers to Alleviate Social Anxiety
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2020
Martin J. Turner, David Ewen, Jamie B. Barker
Social anxiety. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-SR; Baker, Heinrichs, Kim, & Hofmann, 2002) was used to assess social anxiety. The scale comprises 24 items depicting various performance and social situations. Participants rated their levels of social anxiety on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (no fear) to 3 (severe fear) and their avoidance from 0 (never) to 3 (usually) for each situation. The avoidance scale ratings are based on the time spent avoiding the situation expressed as a percentage. Specifically, 0 (never) = 0%, 1 (occasionally) = 1%–33%, 2 (often) = 33%–67%, and 3 (usually) = 67%–100%. For situations that participants did not typically experience, or felt were irrelevant to them, they were prompted to imagine, “What if you were faced with that situation?” and to answer accordingly. Total scores for each of the fear and avoidance scales are combined to provide an overall score. The results of test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and convergent and discriminant validity show that the LSAS-SR has good psychometric properties.
The Association of Rumination and Perfectionism to Social Anxiety
Published in Psychiatry, 2019
Social anxiety was assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS; Heimberg et al., 1999). The 24 items were rated on a 4-point Likert scale that ranged from 0 (None) to 3 (Severe) to measure the intensity of fear or anxiety and the frequency of avoidance of social interaction during the last week. The sum of the two subscales is the total score of social anxiety. In a previous Malaysian study, the LSAS coefficient Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.86 (Abdollahi & Abu Talib, 2016). For the current sample, the Cronbach’s alpha value for the measure was 0.91.