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Speech and Language Disorders
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Language skills are assessed and monitored across six domains, and difficulties in one or more of these areas may result in a diagnosis of speech and/or language delay or disorder. Speech and language development is described as ‘delayed’ if the child’s level of skill is below that expected for their chronological age, but following the normal developmental pattern.
Microdeletion Syndromes
Published in Merlin G. Butler, F. John Meaney, Genetics of Developmental Disabilities, 2019
Gopalrao V. N. Velagaleti, Nancy J. Carpenter
Early assessment of speech and appropriate treatment of speech and language delays should be performed. Hearing evaluations and early intervention in individuals with hearing loss are also necessary. Growth parameters should be monitored. Plastic surgery may be considered for the facial abnormalities such as the nasal deformity, prominent ears, and fatty infiltration of the upper lip. Dislocation or subluxation of the hips may be managed by nonsurgical or surgical treatment. Surgical removal of the exostoses may be necessary if they are deforming, impinge on nerves or blood vessels, or interfere with joint function. Early assessment of developmental delays and intellectual impairment and early intervention are appropriate to achieve an optimal cognitive outcome. Psychological evaluation and treatment may be necessary for some patients who experience difficulties due to abnormal facial appearance, learning disabilities, and short stature.
Disorders of Speech and Language
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Suzanne Harrigan, Andrew Marshall
An important distinction to make at this point is the difference between a language and/or speech delay and a true disorder. Speech and/or language delay is defined as ‘a delay in speech and/or language development compared with controls matched for age, sex, cultural background and intelligence’.7 The extent of the delay can vary from being fairly minor to severe and debilitating, particularly if associated with other conditions such as learning disability.
Learnings in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: what do we know?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Martina Giorgia Perinelli, Antonella Riva, Elisabetta Amadori, Roberta Follo, Pasquale Striano
Age at the onset of seizures is commonly associated with the severity of intellectual impairment and neuropsychiatric difficulties, such as autism spectrum disorder, which afflict about two-thirds of patients [52,53]. Up to 70% of individuals exhibit ID and autism spectrum disorder in the first two years of life and, frequently, become the most significant symptoms after 10 years of age [54]. For adults and adolescents, behavioral problems are frequently even more disabling; in around 25% of women, these disorders can develop into clinical psychosis. Females patients with the heterozygous mutation frequently display obsessive and aggressive behaviors, as well as features of autism spectrum disorder. Intellectual outcome ranges from normal intellect (27.7%) to mild (36.1%), moderate (21.7%), or severe (14.5%) cognitive impairment. Interestingly, the cognitive prognosis does not appear to be related to the severity of epilepsy [9,53]. Language delay is frequently associated with cognitive deficits and is present as an expressive communication difficulty [52–54]. Neurological features such as ataxia can also be observed [55]. Learning difficulties are variable in this group of patients and may depend on the associated ID or other motor difficulties and neurological signs.
Sensitivity of expressive linguistic domains to surgery age and audibility of speech in preschoolers with cochlear implants
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2018
Johanna G. Nicholas, Ann E. Geers
Are there relative strengths and weaknesses among expressive language domains and are they differently sensitive to AOI? Based on the limited number of studies in children using CIs to date, we predicted the delays would be greater in the areas of morphology and syntax and that the earliest ages of implantation would confer the greatest benefit to those domains.Which demographic and device-related factors predict the magnitude of language delay present at 4.5 years of age? Given set test ages, we will first attempt to separate the effects of AOI from the duration of use in our analyses. We expect younger AOI will predict better language outcomes in all domains, even when the duration of device use is similar. We expect very early placement of the first CI (e.g. before 12 months) to differentially reduce delays in all domains, with greater benefit to morpho-syntax than to vocabulary. Previous reports suggest an added advantage might be seen for good hearing through a hearing aid before the receipt of a CI and we will examine that and also determine the further benefit provided by differences in post-surgery hearing through the implant. In line with results from hearing children, we expected that mother’s higher education level would also predict better language skill.
Evaluating the dose–response relationship of the number of sessions of “It Takes Two to Talk®” in young children with language delay
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2023
Shaza Zulkifli, Kate Short, Carissa Kleiman, Joanna C. Kidd, Jessica Earley, Sara Beckett, Joseph Descallar, Patricia McCabe
The original convenience sample was recruited from the caseloads of paediatric SLP services from the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) and South-Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD). The children were determined by a SLP to have delayed language development at the time of assessment. The term “delay” has been used because (1) the children in this study were too young to be classified as having a Developmental Language Disorder based on the CATALISE consensus (Bishop et al., 2016) and (2) there is no agreed terminology for children within the age range of this study or for the various labels such as “late talkers” (Deveney et al., 2017) and “language delay” (Baxendale & Hesketh, 2003) have been used across the literature.