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Violence and Global Public Health
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
The World Health Organization (2002) identifies three categories of violence. These include self-directed violence such as self-harm or suicide; interpersonal violence including domestic violence or IPV, violence towards elders and child abuse, plus rape, gang violence, bullying, and institutional violence, for example, in care homes or prisons. Lastly, it identifies collective violence which is further subdivided into three types: social, political, and economic violence. This would include violence which has a social focus, including mob violence, and acts of terrorism; a political focus, including war and armed conflict, and an economic focus, including acts which disrupt economies. The World Health Organization (2002) also defines violence further according to the type of violence, which is used, into physical, sexual, psychological, and deprivation/neglect.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Unilateral or bilateral condylar fractures account for approximately 30% of mandibular fractures. Interpersonal violence is the most common cause. Occasionally, the fracture can involve the temporal bone, leading to hemotympanum or perforation of the external auditory canal. Symptoms and signs include pain at site of injury, swelling, malocclusion, and possible lateral open bite.
Mechanism of Injury
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Assaults commonly result in injuries to the head and maxillofacial region as well as the upper limbs.53, 54 Zygomatic and mandibular fractures, as well as fractures to the skull or base of skull are poor prognostic features when associated with intracranial haemorrhage and are a leading cause of mortality in blunt trauma assault mechanisms. Blunt force injuries sustained through interpersonal violence, frequently in situations of domestic abuse or non-accidental injury to children or vulnerable persons, should be suspected wherever appropriate. The patterns of injury described in earlier literature have been plagued by poor sensitivity and specificity for identifying this abuse or inflicted injury. However, fatalities resulting from abuse are frequently reported to be preceded by repeated injury episodes or attendances at emergency departments. Routine enquiry should be integrated into normal practice when dealing with traumatic injury(s) in order to maximize the potential to detect abuse.
Violence Prevention Climate in Civil and Forensic Mental Health Settings: Common Goal, Different Views?
Published in International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2023
Marie-Hélène Goulet, Marjolie Latulippe, Pierre Pariseau-Legault, Nutmeg Hallett, Anne G. Crocker
Approximately one in five patients in acute mental health units engage in at least one act of violence over the course of their stay (di Giacomo et al., 2020). These acts can lead to the use of restrictive practices (e.g., seclusion, manual, mechanical, or chemical restraint) as well as injuries, trauma, and even permanent disabilities among patients and staff (van Leeuwen & Harte, 2017). The World Health Organization (2019) defines violence prevention as stopping interpersonal violence by using interventions to reduce the underlying risk factors and reinforce protective factors or reducing the recurrence and negative effects of the given risk factors. Besides individual-level risk assessment, which has been extensively studied (Anderson & Jenson, 2019; Ramesh et al., 2018), interactional and environmental factors are important elements in the assessment and management of violent behavior in mental health units (Asikainen et al., 2020). Indeed, violent behavior is the result of complex interactions between the static and dynamic risk factors related to a person with a mental health disorder, the staff, and the healthcare environment and constraints (Duxbury, 2002).
Prevention of eating disorders: 2021 in review
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
One well-established source of trauma is “domestic” interpersonal violence. Convertino et al. (2021) used a cross-sectional design to study appearance dissatisfaction, muscularity-related body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-oriented behavior in a sample of 81 Latino sexual minority men, 30 of whom reported “intimate partner violence” (IPV) in the past month. A hierarchical multiple regression indicated that muscularity-oriented dissatisfaction was predicted, with small effect sizes, by level of depressive symptoms and by IPV, and not by appearance dis/satisfaction. Interestingly, a second hierarchical multiple regression showed that, while controlling for the (nonsignificant) relationships between depressive symptoms, muscularity-related body dissatisfaction, and muscularity-oriented behavior, the latter was significantly predicted by appearance satisfaction (small-to-medium effect size) and IPV (very large effect size). As Convertino et al. (2021) note, this finding reinforces the value of longitudinal investigations of motives other than body dissatisfaction, such as affect regulation or physical strength for protection, to explain how violent behavior inflicted by an intimate partner may increase a Latino gay or bisexual man’s muscularity-oriented behavior.
Self-harming behavior in relation to exposure to inter-personal violence among youth and young adults in Colombia
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Caitlin A. Moe, Andrés Villaveces, Frederick P. Rivara, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
Our findings underscore the intersectional nature of violence. Self-harming behaviors and many forms of interpersonal violence are intertwined, often co-occur and share multiple risk factors (Bossarte et al., 2008; Decker et al., 2018; Wilkins et al., 2014). Exposure to interpersonal violence can be particularly emotionally and psychologically traumatic to children and adolescents (Castellví et al., 2017). Interpersonal violence that occurs in a child’s home or neighborhood threatens the safety of the child’s immediate environment and induces emotional responses of fear, hopelessness and heightened arousal, which are associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes and altered psychosocial development trajectories (Margolin & Gordis, 2000; McLaughlin, 2019). Long-term effects of violence exposure during childhood and adolescence have been linked to increased risk of poor physical and mental health into adulthood (Boynton-Jarrett et al., 2008). Furthermore, since home and community violence tend to be recurring, repeated exposures to violence can result in prolonged states of fear or heightened arousal, which in turn alter the child’s emotional, cognitive and behavioral development trajectories (Garrido et al., 2010).