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Adherence to Treatment in Children
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
During adolescence those feelings of being “different” may reduce a youngster’s willingness to become involved with their peer group. Elkind (1967) described adolescence as the period of the “imaginary audience” whereby the youngsters consider themselves to be constantly under public scrutiny. Thus, the child with a chronic illness may become acutely aware of the abnormality their disease may bring. Some children may respond by a withdrawal from peer group contact, for which they blame their illness and consequently fail to adhere with treatment as an attack on the diagnosis. Some adolescents minimise the differences from their peers which they perceive their illness to cause. Accordingly, they may control the administration of treatment in public or may even deny their diagnosis.
Pubertal Development and Menarche
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Adolescents, of course, do not always use more advanced thinking just because they can. Concerns about personal identity and socializing may take precedence, related in part to the development of feelings of sexual desire, explorations of sexual activity, and, for some, sexual orientation or gender identity. One’s peer group is very important in adolescence, as they may feel a need to conform to peer group values and behaviors and to minimize appearances of being different. Self-consciousness as a means of appraising one’s relationship to one’s peers is also characteristic of adolescents. Cognitive limitations, such as egocentrism, may also influence peer relationship appraisals and play a part in relationships with their parents and other adults. For example, adolescents may think that they are the center of attention of an imaginary audience, such that everyone else can see what they perceive as their flaws. Or they may present two kinds of personal fable: on the one hand, they may believe that they are unique and no one understands them, or, on the other hand, that they are invincible and nothing dangerous will happen to them.
Adolescence and young adult mental health
Published in Mary Steen, Michael Thomas, Mental Health Across the Lifespan, 2015
The concept that adolescence is one of increased conflict and inner turmoil is as old as Ancient Greek thinking (Coleman, 2011). Leading theories of adolescent development over the past century also reflect this idea. Granville Stanley Hall proposed that the period of adolescence is one of “storm and stress” (Hall, 1904 as cited in Arnett, 1999). Arnett (2006) discusses how Hall’s view of adolescence was generally one of increased behavioural and emotional turmoil brought about by dramatic and unpredictable growth spurts. Erikson’s (1968) Theory of Psychosocial Development describes a crisis in identity at this stage due to a young person’s emerging identity being at odds and in conflict with the role expectations of others. Likewise, Anna Freud describes an imbalance of the id and ego during adolescent development (Muss, 1988). One final theory worthy of note is David Elkind’s (1967) Egocentrism in Adolescence. Elkind characterised adolescence by a number of cognitive distortions that develop from the newfound ability to formulate a hypothetical perspective. He argued that an adolescent can be made to feel as though they are under constant scrutiny due to perceiving themselves as being on a kind of ‘social stage’ with an ‘imaginary audience’. They may also experience feelings of isolation, believing their abilities and experiences to be unique to everyone else’s, a concept which Elkind coined ‘personal fable’.
The lived experiences of recovering Filipino persons who use drugs (PWUDs) without family support
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Trixia Anne C. Co, Nico A. Canoy
PWUDs in their efforts to continuously improve while in recovery are also motivated by factors outside of themselves, thinking about how their recovery would impact an imaginary audience, especially those like Donna, whose family is not even aware of her recovery efforts. Friends and batchmates from their CBDR programs take on the role of cheerleaders, pushing them to tread forward and not look back on things they’ve already put behind. The respect they’ve gained from people around them also becomes an influential factor in their recovery. They share: