China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
L
Published in Alan Earl-Slater, Dictionary of Health Economics, 2018
Staff in the special care baby unit or the maternity delivery room, or the community midwife if the baby is born at home, usually determine the patient’s Apgar Score. An Apgar Score of 8-10 indicates a baby in good condition whereas a score of seven points or less would promote concern for the baby’s well-being. SeeGuttman Scale; Health gain; Health index; Health measurement pyramid; Index of health-related quality of life; QALY; Visual analogue scale.
V
Published in Filomena Pereira-Maxwell, Medical Statistics, 2018
A graphical tool that is used to measure subjective symptoms, attitudes, feelings and opinions. The scale is simply a straight line, along which the different possible outcomes are marked and ranked by degree of severity or intensity. Visual analogue scales (VAS) give rise to ordinal data, which are usually analysed using non-parametric methods. See also Guttman scale, Likert scale.
Social Distance from Persons with Narcolepsy and Other Conditions
Published in Meeta Goswami, Charles P. Pollak, Felissa L. Cohen, Michael J. Thorpy, Neil B. Kavey, Austin H. Kutscher, Jill C. Crabtree, Psychosocial Aspects of Narcolepsy, 2015
Felissa L. Cohen, Robyn W. Mudro
The scale used in this study consisted of a continuum of six social distance conditions as developed by Cohen (1988) based on the work of Bogardus (1933) and Gentry (1986, 1987). These social distance categories represented degrees of closeness that characterized social relations and included city, neighborhood, church, casual acquaintance, close friend, and romantic interest on a continuum of increasing closeness. Validation of the distance intervals was done, and a pretest was conducted. Guttman scaling techniques were used. In order to meet the criteria for Guttman scaling, properties of unidimensionality and cumulativeness are required (SPSS 1983). A scale is considered to be unidimensional when all items measure distance from a single object such as the person with a specified chronic illness. Cumulativeness refers to scale items being ordered by degree of difficulty or on a continuum. A perfect Guttman scale is formed when all responses conform to a consistent pattern. In an ideal or perfect Guttman scale, a positive response to a closer-intimacy item such as acceptance of a person as a close friend would always be associated with positive responses to less intimate items such as admission of a person to the city in which the respondent lives. In order to determine if scale items conformed to these criteria, the appropriate statistics were performed. The coefficients of reproducibility and scalability, minimum marginal reproducibility and percent improvement exceeded minimum acceptable criteria for this type of scale (Cohen 1988; SPSS 1983).
Predictive validity of the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults: a prospective clinimetric study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Sabrina Eggmann, Martin L. Verra, Valentine Stefanicki, Angela Kindler, Joerg C. Schefold, Bjoern Zante, Caroline H. G. Bastiaenen
The Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment tool (CPAx) is a performance-based measurement instrument to assess respiratory function, functional mobility and grip strength in critically ill adults [9]. The evaluation of the CPAx is based on observation and its ten items are rated on a 6-point Guttman scale from 0 (=dependent/unable) to 5 (=independent). The CPAx has established clinimetric properties such as an excellent interrater-reliability [9], construct and cross-sectional validity across the ICU and hospital stay [10], responsiveness [11] along with low floor and ceiling effects in a general ICU population [12]. The clinical value of the CPAx therefore lies in the evaluation of critically ill adults’ physical function and activity across the ICU and hospital. However, the CPAx may also have a relevant role in predicting patients in need of further multidisciplinary rehabilitation as indicated by one previous study exploring hospital discharge destinations [12]. More research is therefore needed to study the usefulness of the CPAx for prediction in survivors of critical illness.
Cross-cultural adaptation and inter-rater reliability of the Swedish version of the Chelsea critical care assessment tool (CPAX-Swe) in critically ill patients
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Ulrika Holdar, Frances Eriksson, Katinka Siesage, Evelyn J. Corner, Viktor Ledström, Anna Svensson-Raskh, Marie Kierkegaard
The CPAx was developed as a bedside assessment tool for the critical care population and has demonstrated validity, reliability, and responsiveness [5,10,11]. Ten items (respiratory function, cough, moving within bed, supine to sitting on the edge of bed, dynamic sitting, standing balance, sit to stand, transferring from bed to chair, stepping and grip strength) are rated on a 6-point Guttman-Scale from complete dependency (0) to independency (5). An aggregated score can be calculated (0–50) and higher scores indicate a better functioning/independency. An eLearning package (https://cpax.helmlms.com/login) is available and has proved to be an effective and useful way to deliver standardized education and facilitate clinical implication [12]. Before using the CPAx in a Swedish context, a cross-cultural adaptation, and reliability testing after translation was needed. Thus, the objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the CPAx into Swedish and to test the inter-rater reliability of the Swedish version (CPAx-Swe) in critically ill patients.
A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Role and Impact of Stigma and Advocacy on Substance Use Disorder Recovery
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2019
Robert D. Ashford, Austin M. Brown, Brent Canode, Jessica McDaniel, Brenda Curtis
The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965) is a widely used measure as well. This unidimensional, 10-item assessment has been widely reviewed and has strong internal consistency based on the Guttman scale of coefficient reproducibility (0.92), and correlations of 0.85 and 0.88 in test–retest stability over 2 weeks (Rosenberg, 1979). Furthermore, the RSES has been analyzed across 53 countries in 28 languages for internal reliability (α = .81) (Schmitt & Allik, 2005).