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Non-pharmacological treatments
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Psychodynamic therapies aim to increase a patient’s awareness of the role of unconscious processes on their mind and actions. In practice, this occurs through a close but professional relationship with a therapist in which the patient is encouraged to make free associations (say whatever comes into their mind). The therapist offers interpretations by linking the patient's current experiences and reactions to the therapist (transference) to childhood experiences. There are several forms of psychodynamic therapies:
Mind-Controlled Analgesia: The Inner Way to Pain Control
Published in Anees A. Sheikh, Imagination and Healing, 2019
Freud developed a technique he called “free association” as a way of reading the unconscious. He believed that the unconscious was the storehouse of instinctual and forbidden desires and fears that were outside of conscious awareness, and that through the images produced in free association, much of this rich information could be evaluated.
Psychodynamic approaches with individuals
Published in Chambers Mary, Psychiatric and mental health nursing, 2017
Angela Cotton, Dina Poursanidou
This psychoanalytic technique is foundational; the patient is encouraged to talk about whatever comes to mind, no matter how inappropriate it may seem. ‘In the therapeutic session itself we might choose the use of free association … in the encouragement to the client to be more spontaneous, and to the therapist to listen with that free-floating attention which Freud saw as the counterpart to free association’7 (p.150). Introspection and the putting into words of all thoughts, images, perceptions and feelings are viewed as central to such ‘free association’. Particular patterns may then be discerned by the analyst who then offers suggestions about hidden desires, the identification of which would promote recognition and relief.
Transgender Embodiment as an Appeal to Thought: A Psychoanalytic Critique of “Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria”
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
In its attention to the nocturnal, literary, and otherwise “discarded content” of the mind (Britzman, 2003, p. 95), psychoanalysis is also concerned with both freedom and censorship: the very dynamics that also concern free speech debates. Freud was interested in forms of representation, such as dreams and word play, that he believed could liberate thought from internal and external censors, whether a punishing super-ego or limiting social norms. Conceptualized by Freud (1912) as “the fundamental rule” of psychoanalysis, free association gives a simple directive to the analysand: Speak whatever comes to mind (cited in Britzman, 2006b, p. 25). Free association is the very thing that makes “psychoanalysis psychoanalytic” (Britzman, 2006b, p. 25), in large part because of this invitation to freedom. Jean Laplanche and Jean-Bertrand Pontalis (1973) further describe free association as “a method according to which voice must be given to all thoughts without exception” (p. 169). Free association unmoors “meaning from the speaker’s intention” and welcomes us into an unprecedented train of thought (Britzman, 2006b, p. 25). Through free association, we can get lost in words, refuse words, and follow words into unimagined corners of our minds. Provided we do not get overly anxious about the ambiguities here implied, language can become, in Jonathan Lear’s (2017) words, “a membrane across which unconscious meanings can flow” (p. 7). In the space between intended meaning and the fissures of our associations lies the possibility of thinking in the “interpretation of that gap as expressing unconscious meaning” (Britzman, 2006b, p. 25).
X’ing Psychoanalysis: Being LatinX in Psychoanalysis
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
By centering the margins, straddling the borderlands and meeting in the space between, we can discover the liberatory potential of psychoanalysis. A LatinX psicoanálisis will be a psychotherapy para el pueblo, por el pueblo. It challenges psychoanalysis to offer multilingual services; to get off the couch and into la comunidad. To truly honor the notion of breaking down defensive walls that reinforce artificial borders. It will not only honor the unconscious, but it will also honor consciousness. It will not only be awake and aware, it will be woke. It will have critical consciousness, social consciousness, and class consciousness. It will be intersectional and postcolonial; it will be in service of liberation. It will not only honor the psychoanalytic foundational technique of free association and its link to free speech as a fundamental human right, it will advocate for bi-/multilingual psychoanalytic training and practice. It will be creative and life-affirming. It will be poetry and prose. It will not hide behind neutrality, because it will explicitly aim for benevolence and toward standing firmly by the side of the oppressed. It will be human rather than dehumanizing and objectifying. It will be a psychoanalysis without borders. This is the future. The future is now.
In the shadow of occupation: Racism, shame and grief
Published in Journal of Occupational Science, 2019
Lindsey Nicholls, Michelle L. Elliot
The first author’s research was a psychoanalytically informed ethnographic study of the unconscious social defence mechanisms which operated in the discourse of occupational therapy. It was undertaken in two clinical occupational therapy departments in public hospitals using three linked data gathering methods: participant observation (Hinshelwood & Skogstad, 2000; Hunt, 1989; Skogstad, 2004), free association narrative interviews (Hollway & Jefferson, 2013), and inquiry groups (Hoggett, Beedell, Jiminez, Mayo, & Miller, 2006). Twenty-one therapists took part in the overall study; 11 from London, UK and 10 from Cape Town, South Africa. The happenstance of using two different countries as fieldwork sites highlighted how the personal (i.e. therapist’s biography) and contextual (i.e. social/political) history affected the occupational therapists’ conscious and unconscious motivations for undertaking their work.