China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Complex Grief
Published in Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin, Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents, 2020
Robert McAlpine, Anthony Hillin
Through further exploration of her experience, Adela was able to identify that reading aloud and looking at the therapist intensified feelings of sadness and fear. The therapist asked what she thought the fear was about, and this enabled her to identify several sources of discomfort regarding crying, including a concern she previously had not articulated that if she started crying she would be overwhelmed and might not stop and that she would be judged negatively by others. This provided a useful prompt for the therapist to provide further psychoeducation about the role of emotions in loss, to address containment and affect regulation, and to explore Adela’s fear of negative evaluation by others.
Treatment Overview
Published in Melisa Robichaud, Naomi Koerner, Michel J. Dugas, Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 2019
Melisa Robichaud, Naomi Koerner, Michel J. Dugas
The construct of intolerance of uncertainty is also a helpful tool in explaining the phenomenology of GAD to clients, as it provides a clear “theme of threat” that can account for GAD symptoms. Clients might be unclear as to why they worry excessively about disparate topics, particularly as GAD symptoms are not as naturally cohesive as is often seen in other anxiety disorders. For example, a client with social anxiety disorder might worry about, and avoid, a number of different situations, however they are all tied to an overarching theme of threat—typically a fear of negative evaluation. By contrast, the content of client worries in GAD is highly dynamic, often changing frequently on a daily or weekly basis. Moreover, although GAD worries are experienced as excessive and uncontrollable, the content is typically similar to that seen in normal worry. Although this presentation might seem to be lacking a common thread, it actually makes sense, and can be parsimoniously understood, within the context of uncertainty as the theme of threat.
Psychoanalytic assessment in private practice
Published in Jed A. Yalof, Anthony D. Bram, Psychoanalytic Assessment Applications for Different Settings, 2020
In terms of self-report measures, I included (a) the Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2nd Edition (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) as a broadband measure to learn about Joshua’s more conscious experience of unusual thinking and sensory-perceptual experiences, as well as his style of emotional regulation, his sense of self, and orientation to relationships; (b) the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; A.T. Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) as a quick-to-administer and score screen of his mood and possible suicidal thinking, in case the latter needed more urgent attention; (c) the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16; Ising et al, 2012) for focused assessment of possible psychotic symptoms; (d) the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ; Hooper, Stockton, Krupnick, & Green, 2011) and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R; J.G. Beck et al., 2008) to determine to what extent the tragic early loss of his father continues to impact his functioning; the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS; Ghaemi, Miller, Berv, Klugman, Rosenquist, & Pies, 2005) to help determine to what extent possible emotional dysregulation involves mania or hypomania; and (e) the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (BFNES; Leary, 1983) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS; Mattick & Clarke, 1998) to clarify whether his reported history of eschewing interpersonal interaction is consistent with the fear of negative evaluation and avoidance associated with social anxiety. Although not originally included in the battery, as a result of what Joshua shared with me later in the evaluation (to be described below), I added the Social Media Disorders Scale (SMDS; van den Eijnden, Lemmens, & Valkenburg, 2016) to better clarify the nature, severity, and function of his avoidant behavior.
Anxiety Sensitivity and Internalizing Symptoms: Co-Predictors of Persistent Peer Victimization in Elementary School Children
Published in Journal of School Violence, 2023
Jake C. Steggerda, Julia L. Kiefer, Ishan N. Vengurlekar, Jasmine Blake, Juventino Hernandez Rodriguez, Freddie A. Pastrana Rivera, Timothy A. Cavell
Research on the social impact of heightened levels of AS has focused primarily on adult samples. Thibodeau et al. (2012) found that AS experienced in potentially threatening social contexts could heighten the risk for anxiety-related problems including social anxiety. Other researchers find that AS can lead to negative self-evaluations, especially when AS involves social concerns (Anderson & Hope, 2009; Miers et al., 2009). Concerns about the visible nature of anxiety sensations have been linked to an overall fear of negative evaluation (McWilliams et al., 2000) and to a heightened risk for developing social anxiety (e.g., Wheaton et al., 2012). Fears about noticeable anxiety sensations could increase children’s self-focused attention and lead to perceived threat in ambiguous social situations (Kanai et al., 2009). Children overly focused on how others are viewing their anxiety-related sensations could also develop negative expectations for their own social behavior (Crick & Dodge, 1994; Graham et al., 2009; Luebbe et al., 2010; Prinstein et al., 2005). Steggerda et al. (2022) found that children who perceived themselves as disliked by school lunchmates tended to report increased levels of peer victimization experiences, even when controlling for social preference derived from traditional sociometric instruments. Based on their findings, Steggerda et al. speculated that children’s IS could mediate the relation between low peer acceptance and peer victimization, which is consistent with evidence for a prospective link between IS and peer victimization (Christina et al., 2021; Reijntjes et al., 2011).
The Associations Between Attitudes Toward Interpersonal Affective Touch, Negative Cognitions and Social Anxiety: A Pilot Study
Published in Psychiatry, 2023
Usha Barahmand, Naila Shamsina, Kefira Carvey, Angelica Mae Acheta, Oscar Sanchez
Social anxiety is characterized by apprehension and/or avoidance of social situations in which the individual anticipates scrutiny and negative evaluation by others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to the cognitive-behavioral models of social anxiety, socially anxious individuals perceive social situations as threatening (Clark & Wells, 1995) and anticipate negative evaluation, criticism, and social rejection (Rapee & Heimberg, 1997). The association of fear of negative evaluation (Levinson et al., 2013) and self-criticism (Iancu et al., 2015) to social anxiety is well-established. Prior experiences of social rejection, exclusion, or criticism play a causative role in social anxiety, in that the negative emotion an individual experiences as an immediate response to social rejection is social pain which links the experience of rejection to subsequent social anxiety (Fung & Alden, 2017). The neural correlates of social pain also confirm that feelings of social pain can be reexperienced or “relived,” long after the experience of a painful episode (Meyer et al., 2015), implying that thoughts about failure, rejection, and criticism can recruit the neural activity associated with social pain (Cacioppo et al., 2013).
Social anxiety following traumatic brain injury: an exploration of associated factors
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
William Curvis, Jane Simpson, Natalie Hampson
Furthermore, fear of negative evaluation may mean that people with SA perceive or experience higher levels of stigma (Anderson, Jeon, Blenner, Wiener, & Hope, 2015; Clark & Wells, 1995). People who are socially anxious may be rejected or perceived negatively, particularly if anxiety-related behaviours (e.g., gripping hands together, avoiding eye contact) compound the anxiety symptoms or impair social performance (Rapee & Spence, 2004; Wells, 2013). As highlighted above, the physical and cognitive consequences of TBI may add further challenges to social interactions. Qualitative research has suggested stigma may be a potential factor affecting well-being following TBI, with participants highlighting the lack of public understanding about the consequences of TBI and how this impacts on their social engagement (Morris et al., 2005; Nochi, 1998). Furthermore, perceived stigma is strongly associated with anxiety in people with chronic physical conditions (Alonso et al., 2008) and epilepsy (Beyenburg, Mitchell, Schmidt, Elger, & Reuber, 2005).