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Health Coaching, Motivational Interviewing, and Behavior Change in Women's Health
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Mark D. Faries, Alyssa Abreu, Sarah-Ann Keyes, Tasnim El Mezain, Jessica A. Matthews
Motivation is commonly conceptualized as a general drive or inclination typically toward achieving a goal or outcome within the foreseeable future. Interestingly, according to self-determination theory (SDT), the type of motivation a patient has could reveal more about future actions than overall motivation.17 The first type is intrinsic motivation, or motivation that comes from within the individual with inherent interest and enjoyment for the behavior. Intrinsic motivation requires little to no self-regulation, since the behavior is pursued from the inherent enjoyment that is produced (e.g., reading a good book, watching a favorite television show, going for a walk on a nice day, and eating a favorite dessert). Patients can be intrinsically motivated for both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Extrinsic motivation indicates that one is motivated for behavior in order to reach a goal, reward, or outcome extrinsic to the behavior itself. It is this type of motivation that HCPs will engage most often with lifestyle prescriptions, such as a patient eating healthier diet for improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol, anxiety/mood, sleep, or weight control (i.e., extrinsic outcomes).
Motivation
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Cognitive theories of motivation stress the active processing and understanding of information. These theories view individuals as thinking about, planning, and exercising control over their behavior. Cognitive theories are based on two basic factors: (1) information available to the individual; and (2) the individual’s past experience, which the person refers to when trying to make sense of the available information and to determine how to respond or relate to the current situation. Cognitive theories of motivation draw a key distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the force that compels a person to fulfill his or her inner potential and interests, it causes us to participate in an activity for our own enjoyment rather than for any concrete reward that it will bring us. It corresponds to the inherent desire of an individual to express his or her actual self through selected actions and behavior, across different settings, whether at work or at play. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is experienced when a person’s actions are influenced by the desire to attain goal objects or rewards. Rewards may be material, such as food or money, or intangible, such as pride and recognition. Among the most prominent cognitive theories are cognitive consistency theories, goal-setting theory, expectancy theory, and frustration theory.
Motivation as Medicine
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Fully internalized extrinsic motivation operates differently than intrinsic motivation. As we all know, the realities of life require that we sometimes do things that are important, but that we don’t find inherently interesting and enjoyable. Under certain conditions, these external demands can become internalized and integrated into who we are. Integrating an extrinsic prompt is an active process that people must do for themselves and involves identifying with the importance of the behavior and integrating it into who they are as a human being.
From expert to coach: health coaching to support behavior change within physical therapist practice
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Zachary D. Rethorn, Janet R. Bezner, Cherie D. Pettitt
Deci and Ryan (2000) developed Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to provide a framework for the study of human motivation. SDT suggests that motivation exists along a continuum (Figure 1). Either motivation is extrinsic or intrinsic (Deci and Ryan, 2000; Ryan and Deci, 2000). An individual who has intrinsic motivation will perform a behavior for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself (Deci and Ryan, 2000; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Because the behavior represents who a person wants to be, those who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to regularly engage in a behavior because it has been incorporated into their sense of self and identity or because they have an inherent interest in the activity (Deci and Ryan, 2000, 2008; Ryan and Deci, 2000). In contrast, people with extrinsic motivation perform a behavior due to external pressures to avoid feelings of guilt or to please a significant other, including a health care provider (Ryan and Deci, 2000). These extrinsic motivators are likely to assist one in initiating a behavior, but not necessarily to maintain a behavior because extrinsic motivations can change rapidly with the environment (Ryan, Patrick, Deci, and Williams, 2008).
Motivational processes in college freshmen’s exercise participation: A goal content theory perspective
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
OIT defines intrinsic motivation as a completely internalized motivation characterized by fun and enjoyment in an activity. In contrast, extrinsic motivation is characterized by separable outcomes instead of intrinsic reasons when engaging in an activity. It consists of four forms of motivational regulations—integrated, identified, introjected, and external regulations—with descending degrees of internalization in a continuum.1 Intrinsic motivation and integrated/identified regulation can be further categorized as autonomous motivation. With autonomous motivation, individuals participate in exercise due to enjoyment, personal values, and/or a mastery of activities. On the other hand, introjected regulation and external regulation can be categorized as controlled motivation. With controlled motivation, individuals may engage in exercise because they experience pressure from others to do so and/or want to reduce negative physical or psychological symptoms.11 Research has also used a relative autonomy index (RAI)16 to represent the degree of self-determined motivation by combining different forms of motivational regulation to predict motivational outcomes. In any given social context, higher autonomous motivation and RAI, as well as lower controlled motivation, predict greater involvement (e.g., exercise participation) and well-being.10,11
Adherence and satisfaction in Argus II prosthesis users: a self determination theory model
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Mariam Khan, Kari Branham, Kanishka T. Jayasundera, Naheed W. Khan
Our results are comparable to other studies that have utilized the SDT framework to examine the influence of different motivations on health behavior. In hearing aid technology, autonomous motivation, also referred to as identified regulation (8), was shown to be positively associated with hearing aid adoption (11) and with hearing aid satisfaction (6). In a study on computer-based auditory training (20) engagement and adherence to the training were found to be influenced by intrinsic motivation, consistent with participants finding the activity to be interesting and enjoyable and with their desire to achieve higher scores. Adherence to the training was also influenced by extrinsic motivation which was shown to be consistent with an external factor like the users’ desire to help others with hearing loss. In a study utilizing the SIMS questionnaire (28) to investigate patient participatory behaviors in healthcare service delivery, patients’ commitment to compliance was significantly influenced by identified regulation and intrinsic motivation but not by external regulation (28). Patient participation in clinic consultations, however, was influenced more strongly by identified regulation than by intrinsic motivation.