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Animals in psychological research
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
The rat's task can be made more complex by, say, making food available if a light is on but not when the light is off. The rat will learn to lever-press when it is light but not when dark, thereby showing a discrimination between light and dark: the light therefore becomes an Antecedent to the rat's behaviour. The sequence of antecedent : Behaviour : Consequence, correctly called a three-term contingency, which emerged from Skinner's experimental analysis of behaviour, provides the framework for the development of applied behaviour analysis. Applied behaviour analysis uses the principles of learning to change behaviours such as delinquency, educational attainment, and mental and physical health (Fisher, Piazza, & Roane, 2013).
Starting with theory
Published in E. Scott Geller, Working Safe, 2017
The behavior-based approach to applied psychology is founded on behavioral science as conceptualized and researched by B. F. Skinner (1938, 1974). In his experimental analysis of behavior, Professor Skinner rejected for scientific study unobservable factors such as self-esteem, intentions, and attitudes. He researched only observable behavior and its social, environmental, and physiological determinants. The behavior-based approach starts by identifying observable behaviors targeted for change and the environmental conditions that can be manipulated to influence the target behavior(s) in desired directions.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
Behaviour analysis encompasses the experimental analysis of behaviour, which follows closely in the Skinnerian tradition, utilizing strict experimental control, often in laboratory settings using OPERANT CHAMBERS such as the SKINNER BOX. Since the 1970s there has been a decrease in the use of non-human animals, such as rats and pigeons, as experimental subjects, although the hallmark of the field is still its adherence to rigorous control of experimental variables, and the use of specific, single-subject research designs. Behaviour analysis also embraces applied behaviour analysis which involves clinical and other applications in real-world settings. These have included interventions with people with MENTAL RETARDATION, PSYCHOSIS, patients with cancer, head injury and burns, and many other clinical problems. People in industry, sport and the police have used behaviour analysis to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Education settings, too, have often provided a forum for behaviour analytic interventions. Since the 1980s there has been an increase in community interventions, helping drivers and pedestrians, smokers, televisions viewers and consumers, among others.
A neurobehavioral continuum of care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities with severe problem behavior
Published in Children's Health Care, 2023
Louis P. Hagopian, Patricia F. Kurtz, Lynn G. Bowman, Julia T. O’Connor, Michael F. Cataldo
The primary treatment approach utilized across all services that constitute the Neurobehavioral Programs is applied behavior analysis (ABA). Many patients also receive services from other disciplines for medication management, medical care, and other therapeutic services by other providers at Kennedy Krieger or elsewhere. Interdisciplinary care is most fully integrated on the inpatient Neurobehavioral Unit (NBU) where ABA is applied in concert with pharmacological interventions in the context of a comprehensive interdisciplinary program (discussed further below). ABA is an applied discipline that seeks to understand and change behavior based on established principles of operant learning derived from the laboratory science of the experimental analysis of behavior (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968). For individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ABA has generally had two broad domains of application. Comprehensive ABA interventions have been used widely with children with autism in educational contexts, which target global functioning and skill development (Smith, Groen, & Wynn, 2000). In contrast, focused ABA interventions are designed to address a specific concern such as problem behavior including aggression, SIB, and other behaviors that impair functioning and pose risks to safety. The Neurobehavioral Programs utilize focused ABA to address specific behavioral concerns, though many patients are also enrolled in comprehensive ABA-based programs elsewhere.
Participatory approaches to workplace safety management: bridging the gap between behavioral safety and participatory ergonomics
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Kristen A. Rost, Alicia M. Alvero
The behavioral safety approach uses the technology of applied behavior analysis (ABA) to improve and maintain safe workplace behavior and conditions. ABA is the applied derivative of experimental analysis of behavior (EAB), a field concerned with studying the principles of behavior (e.g., reinforcement, punishment and stimulus generalization) and identifying functional relations between aspects of behavior and environmental parameters. Both EAB and ABA stem from behaviorism, a philosophy of science that grew from developments made by researchers such as Ivan Pavlov (classical conditioning), E. L. Thorndike (the law of effect), John B. Watson (doctrine of objectivity) and B. F. Skinner (operant conditioning) [28]. The philosophy of behaviorism and the methods of EAB and ABA are distinct in comparison to other orientations in their treatment of behavior itself as the subject matter of psychology. In behavior analysis, overt behavior is treated as the primary dependent variable, and as a result, basic principles of behavior have been established that describe how external factors can reliably predict behavior [29].
An Investigation of Behavioral Contrast in a Simulated Workplace
Published in Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 2023
Brandon M. Ring, Heather M. McGee
In contrast to industrial-organizational psychology, organizational behavior management (OBM) adheres to a single underlying theory (i.e., behaviorism) and set of principles (i.e., the experimental analysis of behavior; Bucklin et al., 2000). However, OBM research does not always discuss how these principles apply to OBM interventions (DiGennaro-Reed et al., 2016; Normand et al., 1999), nor do OBM researchers always use developments from the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) in OBM interventions (Luthans & Martinko, 1982; Mawhinney, 1984). For example, a recent review of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, found that only 53% of research and case study articles published from 2006 to 2016 discussed behavioral principles (DiGennaro-Reed et al., 2016).