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Better Patient and Population Outcome
Published in Paul Batalden, Tina Foster, Sustainably Improving Health Care, 2022
Eugene C. Nelson, John Butterly, Thomas A. Colacchio, Melanie Mastanduno, Tina Foster, Paul Batalden
Functional health status refers to a person’s ability to carry out activities that are part of his or her everyday life. Functional health status may be measured in multiple domains such as physical, mental, and social role functioning, and may be categorized along a continuum of performance in each domain. In general the burden of illness in an individual will be reflected in limitations in functional health; the greater the burden of illness the greater the degree of functional limitations. Therefore, one reason to minimize the burden of illness is to maintain the person’s ability to actively and fully engage in their everyday life activities – such as being productive at work or school and taking part in family, social, community, and leisure activities that contribute to the overall perception of wellness.
Animal healers
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
We are all familiar with the experience of acute pain but for some people pain is chronic, a part of their everyday life. Marcus et al. (2012) looked at the effect of therapy dogs in an adult outpatient pain management clinic. They found that the dog's presence was associated with a significant reduction in pain and emotional distress for the patients and their accompanying relatives and friends. Marcus et al. (2013) used AAT in an outpatient setting for patients with fibromyalgia, a condition where the individual may experience continuous pain throughout their body but particularly so in, say, the back or neck. There were significant improvements in pain relief, mood, and other measures of distress for those patients whose treatment included a therapy dog.
Analyzing the data
Published in Paul M.W. Hackett, Christopher M. Hayre, Handbook of Ethnography in Healthcare Research, 2020
John’s conditions in the everyday life include family and other participants in his life contexts, first of all his wife who is his most important support, but who is now having trouble with solving the problems related to John’s illness. Also, work and leisure activities are important conditions for John’s opportunities for living a meaningful everyday life. In the present situation, he has to deal with having lost his job and finding new forms of meaningful occupation – and maybe new ways of contributing to the family’s economy. The disease and its consequences, such as reduced level of function and the actions he must take to maintain his current level of function, are also conditions. Moreover, the health system and the opportunities it provides in cases with chronic illness are important conditions for his conduct of everyday life.
Self-initiated management strategies in digitalized work and everyday life – experiences of people with cognitive difficulties due to neurological disorders
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2023
Monika Lindberg, Eva Månsson Lexell, Maria Ranner, Maria Larsson Lund
Our findings suggest that knowledge about people’s management resources, approaches and strategies are important. Especially, in view of the changes taking place in Swedish healthcare where people are increasingly expected to act proactively and take more responsibility for and promote their own health [44]. Consequently, strategies are an important resource for people to prevent and manage challenges in various situations in activities in everyday life related to health. In line with this reasoning, there is a growing interest in research to increase the knowledge about strategies and their use by people with various disabilities [45–47]. This knowledge might be taken for granted because all people use strategies. Nevertheless, understanding how people with cognitive difficulties use them may be used as a resource both by themselves and by professionals.
A feasibility study to explore the use of digital treatment of sleep as a first-step intervention to improve adolescent mental health
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Abigail Mathews, Naomi Gibbons, Emma Harrison, Obioha C Ukoumunne, Paul Stallard
Our second aim was to undertake an exploratory analysis of the effect of digital CBTi on sleep and mental health. Post-improvements were found on standardized measures of sleep, anxiety, and depression and ratings of sleep efficiency, sleep quality and sleep onset latency. The effect sizes for sleep outcomes were large with medium effects for anxiety and depression. These findings are consistent with those obtained with adults where online CBTi resulted in improvements in sleep, anxiety and depression (Cheng et al., 2019; Christensen et al., 2016; Freeman et al., 2017; Ye et al., 2015). Although reductions in symptoms of anxiety and depression on standardized measures were large, self-report subjective ratings of mental health improvement were more modest. Whether symptom reductions have not translated into improved functioning or whether adolescents had higher post-intervention expectations is unclear. A clearer and more explicit rationale for why treating sleep might improve mental health and the use of more personalized goal-based outcomes that assess changes in areas of everyday life that are particularly important to the young person may be helpful (Wolpert et al., 2012). Nonetheless, these results are encouraging and suggest that the adoption of an online CBTi pathway within specialist CAMHS for those with insomnia might offer a novel way to improve adolescent mental health.
Changes in daily life and wellbeing in adults, 70 years and older, in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2022
Sofi Fristedt, Gunilla Carlsson, Maya Kylén, Oskar Jonsson, Marianne Granbom
Engaging in activities and independently managing everyday life and daily routines, promote health and wellbeing [18]. Ensuring active and healthy ageing is an important growth strategy for the EU – not only in economic terms, e.g. spending on pensions, health and long-term care, but equally so in terms of wider societal growth [19]. Being able to do tasks and activities found individually valuable and significant is the human way to engage with its social world, express identity and find meaning and purpose in life [20–22]. Sudden environmental restrictions (e.g. being limited to the home) constrains engagement in meaningful activities, limits the possibility to fulfil role engagements and restricts participation in society and social contexts with negative implications for health and wellbeing [23–25]. Being deprived of possibilities to do meaningful activities and tasks is defined as occupational deprivation or occupational alienation part of the occupational justice approach [26]. From an outside-view, adults 70+ in Sweden, became deprived of possibilities to engage in meaningful activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, since meaning is highly subjective, we need to listen to the voices and opinions of those who are experiencing the implications of the social distancing recommendations to really know.