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Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
13.18. Anorexia nervosaonly responds to family and individual psychotherapy.is more common in girls than in boys.is influenced by community values about diet and thinness.is easily confused with endogenous depression.occurs rarely in socially disadvantaged groups.
Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The term endogenous depression may be used to refer to a psychotic depression, reflecting a patient's response to a distorted perception of reality. This disorder has a rapid onset and progression and may be described as an emptiness or apathy. The patient may also deny feelings of depression. This type of depression is termed endogenous ("arising from within") because it lacks a realistic external reference. Endogenous depression may be only the depressive phase of manic-depressive illness.
Depression
Published in Ethan Russo, Handbook of Psychotropic Herbs, 2015
Biological or chemical depression must be distinguished from situational or exogenous depression. The latter is a temporary mood state motivated by specific external events. Endogenous depression, in contrast, is a biochemical recurrent disorder, often chronic, that tends to become more severe over time if left untreated. The contrast is clear in the title of Freud’s famous essay of 1917,“Mourning and Melancholia.” Mourning is a mood state of a certain expected duration, often culturally sanctioned. In the West, we might expect a person to reenter social interaction six to twelve months after the loss of a spouse. In some Native American cultures, a few days are allotted to family members to mourn, after which it is taboo to discuss the departed, for fear that the person’ spirit will infect the living.
Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of SQSTM1-related disorders in family with personality disorder and frontotemporal dementia
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2021
Sara Llamas-Velasco, Ana Arteche-López, Antonio Méndez-Guerrero, Verónica Puertas Martín, Juan Francisco Quesada Espinosa, Jose Miguel Lezana Rosales, Marta González-Sánchez, Victor Antonio Blanco-Palmero, Carmen Palma Milla, Alejandro Herrero-San Martín, Daniel Borrego-Hernández, Alberto García-Redondo, David Andrés Pérez-Martínez, Alberto Villarejo-Galende
Our patient showed personality disorder cluster A since youth, and his father and two sons also had a personality disorder. Cognitive evaluation, brain MRI, and brain FDG-PET were performed on both sons without evidence of relevant findings during the study. In the literature, only one patient of the 57 FTLD collected subjects had a previous history of psychiatric disorder described as endogenous depression, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder. The age at onset of her bvFTD was unknown, and she had a father and brother diagnosed with schizophrenia. She was heterozygous for losing the function p.W321* variant in the SQSTM1 gene, but information on the segregation analysis was unavailable (29). The development of personality disorders is believed to be caused by the contribution and interaction between genetic and environmental factors. A cluster in several families and different gene polymorphisms have been suggested as the associated genetic component (30). No isolated pathogenic gene variant has been reported to date. Parentaly provided reared environment could have impacted offspring behaviors being the finding of this genetic variant incidental. However, a recent systematic review showed that parental genes could have an underlying influence of this factor, as indirect genetic nurturing effect, proposing a gene-enviroment correlation (31).
Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2019
Konstantin A. Demin, Maxim Sysoev, Maria V. Chernysh, Anna K. Savva, Mamiko Koshiba, Edina A. Wappler-Guzzetta, Cai Song, Murilo S. De Abreu, Brian Leonard, Matthew O. Parker, Brian H. Harvey, Li Tian, Eero Vasar, Tatyana Strekalova, Tamara G. Amstislavskaya, Andrey D. Volgin, Erik T. Alpyshov, Dongmei Wang, Allan V. Kalueff
While depression-like states and antidepressants have long been studied in rodents, other model species can be used to target evolutionarily conserved aspects of MDD. For example, non-human primates bridge the gap between rodents and humans [116], whereas fish complement rodent models and help untangle high heterogeneity of depression by focusing on its core, evolutionarily conserved roots (Table 3). Common models of MDD in non-human primates involve maternal [117] or social separation [118], and reflect various aspects of human depression [119], such as despair, anhedonia and lethargy [120]. Such models are validated pharmacologically, as antidepressants show a similar time course to that observed clinically [121]. Other drugs, including amphetamine and ethanol, exert antidepressant effects in non-human primates [120,122], whereas g-methyl-p-tyrosine and reserpine reduce social interactions, locomotion and hedonic behaviors [119,123]. Interestingly, depression-like behaviors can occur in macaques spontaneously [124], strikingly reproducing human endogenous depression. Likewise, neurochemical alterations in primate oxytocin, monoamines and their metabolites parallel human data [125–129], whereas non-human primates also recapitulate depressive behavior in chronic stress [130] and cytokine-induced depression [131]. However, identifying novel compounds is highly dependent on a cost-effective, yet robust high-throughput screening modality that can be used to select promising lead compounds before being investigated in more costly mammalian models. Together, this justifies a wider use of alternative models in neuroscience and CNS drug discovery research.
Characterological depression in patients with narcissistic personality disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Jane Fjermestad-Noll, Elsa Ronningstam, Bo Bach, Bent Rosenbaum, Erik Simonsen
The concept of endogenous/melancholic depression and reactive/neurotic depression was introduced in 1920 by Schneider [2]. In the 1960’s, the members of the so-called Newcastle School, supported the binary view [3]. In 1978, prior to the publication of DSM-III in 1980, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) suggested a classification of depression including: major depression (including endogenous depression), minor depression with or without anxiety and intermittent depression [21]. However, when the DSM-III was published in 1980, theses version of depression was reduced to one, major depressive disorder, with a melancholic subclass, and dysthymic disorder [1].