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Anxiety and somatoform disorders
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Brigitte Khoury, Michel R Khoury, Laeth S Nasir
The main feature of this disorder is persistent, severe and distressing pain in one or more anatomical sites, which cannot be explained by any medical condition but, due to its severity, may warrant clinical attention. It affects the individual’s daily functioning and the symptoms often occur in association with an emotional conflict or a psychological problem. These symptoms can result in increased attention from the family, friends and medical professionals. The level of impairment in functioning can be severe enough to preclude the ability to work or go to school, and result in overuse of medications. The pain becomes the focus of the individual’s life, and may lead to disruptions in family and other relationships.
Topic 11 Consultation Liaison Psychiatry
Published in Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri
Persistent somatoform pain disorder: This presents with persistent, severe, distressing pain, not explained by physical disorder. Pain occurs in association with emotional conflict and results in increased support and attention. The prevalence of persistent pain is 3%. The onset of somatoform pain disorder is usually between 40 and 50 years. The female-to-male ratio is 2:1. Acute pain (less than 6 months) is associated with anxiety disorder. Chronic pain (more than 6 months) is associated with depressive disorder. The onset of somatoform pain is usually abrupt. Treatment involves antidepressants, gradual withdrawal of analgesics, CBT and relaxation techniques. In general, acute pain carries a better prognosis than chronic pain.
Mental health during childhood
Published in Mary Steen, Michael Thomas, Mental Health Across the Lifespan, 2015
Monika Ferguson, Alison Owen Traynor, Nicholas Procter
Unlike adults, children, especially infants and the very young, will not be able to verbalise how they feel and may express psychological distress through the presentation of somatic symptoms. Some children are admitted to hospital with a mental health problem when they are presenting a physical illness with real symptoms, such as abdominal pain, headaches, tiredness and limb pain. A literature review identifying risk factors for somatic symptoms in children highlights the prevalence of this phenomenon (Banks and Bevan 2014). This is considered to be a misunderstood and little explained area of child health where children can be wrongly diagnosed. Practitioners need to aware that, for some children, psychological distress and emotional conflict are communicated through physical symptoms.
How Does that Make You Feel? Development and Pilot Testing of Two New Instruments Measuring Emotional Attributions to Experiences of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2022
The present study provides the first empirical evidence that youth with experiences of CSA attribute both negative and positive emotions to the experiences and the perpetrators. While the negative emotional attributions latent trait and scale scores were both normally distributed, only the positive emotional attributions latent trait was normally distributed, with the scale exhibiting a predominant right skew. While this indicates construct validity and normal distribution of the traits within the sample, it may point to either less of the positive emotion items having relevance, or that positive emotional attributions may not accumulate to the same degree as negative emotional attributions. Not only were both positive and negative emotions common, but high levels of emotional conflict were observed, whereby youth were grappling with simultaneously having some positive and some negative attributions. This was evidenced by the unanticipated finding of a strong, positive correlation between scores on the NEA-CSA and PEA-CSA scales. Among the youth who experienced CSA (n = 40), 48 discrete experiences of sexual abuse were disclosed, with only 4 abuses committed by strangers (8.33%), with the vast majority being committed by family members or others residing in the home of the child (62.5%). A preexisting relationship with the perpetrator could explain why youth were likely to have high levels of both negative and positive emotions attributed to their experiences of CSA.
Emotional and cognitive conflict resolution and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in adolescent offspring of parents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and matched healthy controls
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Zehra Topal, Nuran Demir, Evren Tufan, Taha Can Tuman, Bengi Semerci
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis listed in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and is characterized by chronic irritability and frequent severe temper outbursts [31]. Children who experienced chronic irritability and anger outbursts were mostly considered as pediatric manifestations of bipolar disorder in the recent past, however, longitudinal studies have shown that chronic irritability is associated with unipolar depression and anxiety disorder in adulthood. As a result of these studies, DMDD is placed under the title of depressive related disorders in DSM 5. However, DMDD diagnosis and its relationship with mood disorders are still controversial. DMDD and its correlates among offspring of parents with mood disorders is relatively less studied although available data suggest that it may be more closely related with MDD [32]. Therefore, in this study we aimed to evaluate;Cognitive and emotional conflict resolution skills as indicators of cognitive and emotional flexibility, which were claimed to have roles in the etiologies of mood disorders and irritabilityThe rate of psychopathologies, especially DMDD, in high-risk adolescents (children of parents with mood disorders) in comparison with the children of healthy parents.
The Relationship between Referral Source to Behavioral Health Treatment and Suicidal Ideation Severity among Suicidal Soldiers
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2021
Melvin Walker, Samantha A. Chalker, Thomas C. Ingram, David A. Jobes
The pathway from social support to health is mediated by patient adherence (Druley & Townsend, 1998; Hagedoorn et al., 2000; Martin et al., 1994). Researchers suggest the presence of another individual does not matter as much as the quality of the relationship. Within the military, for example, it is possible for a suicidal SM’s social circle to recognize the former individual’s symptoms earlier because of their bond and, thus, refer him to treatment (Rowan & Campise, 2006). It is also evident that the effectiveness of social support depends on the type and severity of the illness (Martin et al., 1994). Contrarily, a non-supportive environment can prevent healthy, positive change by limiting one’s available time and energy (Kaplan & Hartwell, 1987). It can allow stress to compromise necessary attitudes and behaviors for adherence (Revicki & May, 1985). Lastly, social support may improve patient adherence by enhancing cognitive functioning, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, individual control, as well as through reduced emotional conflict, interpersonal strain, and distress (Alferi et al., 2001; Allgöwer et al., 2001; DiMatteo, 2000; Druley & Townsend, 1998; Glasgow et al., 1989; Goodenow et al., 1990; Holahan et al., 1995; King et al., 1993; Kulik & Mahler, 1993; McBride et al., 2001; Schneider et al., 1991; Seeman et al., 2001; Taal et al., 1993).