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Did Participation in the Therapeutic Community Affect Outcomes?
Published in Jennifer A. Pealer, Correctional Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Communities, 2017
One way to analyze the scales of the How I Think Questionnaire is to determine which of the three ranges (nonclinical, borderline-clinical, or clinical) the score falls into. (Tables B5 and B6 in Appendix B report the measures of central tendency for the How I Think scales.) The ranges on the eight subscales can be used to provide a fine-grained analysis of the youth. As Figure 4.3 reveals, a large percentage of youth were classified in the clinical range for the self-centeredness (49.3 percent), the blaming others (53.7 percent), and the minimizing (96.9 percent) scales. Thus, the majority of the youth believe that they were the most important individuals regardless of others, that they were never to blame, and that their behavior was not that bad. Accordingly, these youths can be described as having a strong egocentric bias and a need for treatment that addresses their externalization and minimizing the consequences of their actions. However, the majority of youth also were classified as “nonclinical” for the assuming the worst scale (52.7 percent). Therefore, this cognitive distortion was not problematic for a large percentage of youth.
Principles of cognitive rehabilitation in TBI: An integrative neuroscience approach
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Fofi Constantinidou, Robin D. Thomas
Corbetta and Shulman79 advanced compelling arguments for the view that the dorsal and ventral attention systems must interact to produce the phenomena of neglect. Spatial neglect occurs only when the ventral system is lesioned, yet this system does not directly subserve the functions that are impaired in the clinical syndrome of neglect. Those properties of spatially organized attention control and egocentric bias are hallmarks of the dorsal system. Yet, dorsal lesions do not cause neglect. The paradox is resolved by recent evidence that demonstrates an interaction between arousal (attributed to the right hemisphere) and control of spatial attention. When healthy individuals have low arousal, they will bias their attention to the right visual field, and increases in arousal can reduce the degree of neglect in right hemisphere lesion patients.81,82 Nonspatial deficits occurring in neglect (reduced vigilance, slowness) resemble issues in arousal and alerting and are becoming increasingly important in the clinical understanding and treatment of this pathology.83
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2022
David A. Bellows, Noel C. Y. Chan, John J. Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Peter W. MacIntosh, Michael S. Vaphiades, Xiaojun Zhang
The thoughts that come to mind when viewing a face depend partly on the face and partly on the viewer. This basic interaction raises the question of how much common ground there is in face-evoked thoughts, and how this compares to viewers’ expectations. In Experiment 1 (free association), participants exhibited strong egocentric bias, greatly overestimating the extent to which other people’s thoughts resembled their own. In Experiment 2, viewers’ familiarity with a face can be decoded from their face-evoked thoughts. In Experiment 3 (person association), participants reported who came to mind when viewing a face – a task that emphasises connections in a social network. Here again, viewers’ estimates of common ground exceeded actual common ground by a large margin. For example, different images of Arnold Schwarzenegger – perhaps from the Terminator movie or his Gubernatorial term – may evoke distinct thoughts, even though they show the same person.
The association of theory of mind with language and visuospatial abilities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2022
Niki Panopoulou, Foteini Christidi, Panagiotis Kourtesis, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Panagiota Karampetsou, Georgios Tsirtsiridis, Thomas Theodosiou, Sofia Xirou, Vasiliki Zouvelou, Ioannis Evdokimidis, Michail Rentzos, Ioannis Zalonis
Previous studies identified a significant correlation between symptoms’ onset and social cognition performance; patients with bulbar onset scored worse than patients with spinal onset as determined by the Reading in the Eye Task (22,33). However, we did not find any association between patients’ clinical status and their performance in ToM. This disagreement may be a result of the substantial differences between the two tasks. In our study, the Judgment of Preference task examines the egocentric biases in recognizing the preference of others. On the other hand, the Reading in the Eye Task pertains to reading facial features for recognizing diverse emotional states of the others. This discrepancy may indicate that the recognition of emotional states may be related with the symptoms’ onset, while the egocentric biases are not.
Are Depressive Symptoms and Attachment Styles Associated with Observed and Perceived Partner Responsiveness in Couples Coping With Genito-Pelvic Pain ?
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2020
Myriam Bosisio, Myriam Pâquet, Katy Bois, Natalie O. Rosen, Sophie Bergeron
Several studies conducted with individuals showed that depressive symptoms may also interfere with the capacity of being responsive. Hoffmann et al. (2016) found that patients with major depression used more egocentric bias in their empathic judgments and, therefore, were less able to detach from their own emotional state and to empathically relate to others’ emotional state. Studies also indicated that symptom severity in major depression patients was associated with lower affective responsiveness, empathic responding, perspective taking and empathic concerns (Cusi et al., 2011; Derntl et al., 2012). In a study conducted by Cao, Dingle, Chan, and Cunnington (2017), when facing others’ distress, individuals with a sad mood were more likely to feel distressed and used more unhelpful behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal and avoidance), compared to individuals with a neutral mood.