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Antipsychotic Drugs
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Harleen Kaur, Ramneek Kaur, Varsha Rani, Kanishka Sharma, Pawan Kumar Maurya
Furthermore, it is difficult to say its consistency as to how one subtype of schizophrenia reacts better than any other subtypes. The reason behind this is due to variation of criteria patients are sited at specific types of schizophrenia (Schulze and Angermeyer, 2003). Hebephrenics is a type of schizophrenia which is categorized by disorganized behavior and speech (Ujike et al., 2002). It is also termed as disorganized schizophrenia and has the meager diagnosis if not treated well on time and its paranoids frequently have increased remission rate. If the drug acted to bring out the improvement one can expect the deprived reaction in hebephrenic. It is our imprint that the type of schizophrenia is a less important factor in predicting the result of the drug except that in generalized order of its response which is due to spontaneity. Although the recovery of all classes would not have been accomplished without the use of the drug (Maurya et al., 2016). More the degree of excitement and nervousness better will be the diagnosis. However, this is not different for the treatment of drug as it is also responsible for other procedures like lobotomy (it is a neurosurgical procedure, a form of psychosurgery). The known fact is not all stressed patients give a good reaction to the same. Many patients seem to maintain real improvement first after the completion of their therapy and the drug gets inhibited by the active administration. This holds true in the case of less stressed patients, therefore the period of evaluating treatment is generally 6 weeks to 2 months.
MRCPsych Paper A1 Mock Examination 1: Questions
Published in Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri, Get Through, 2016
Melvyn WB Zhang, Cyrus SH Ho, Roger CM Ho, Ian H Treasaden, Basant K Puri
The following subtypes of schizophrenia could be found within the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, with the exception of Catatonic schizophreniaDisorganized schizophreniaHebephrenic schizophreniaParanoid schizophreniaSimple schizophrenia
Auditory Hallucinations and Religious Delusions
Published in Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman, Understanding and Caring for People with Schizophrenia, 2020
Ragy R. Girgis, Gary Brucato, Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Disorganized schizophrenia, on the other hand, is characterized by marked disorganization of speech, behavior, and affect that leads to significant disability. This tends to occur earlier than other subtypes and carries a poor prognosis. People with disorganized schizophrenia are frequently hospitalized and make up a large proportion of chronically institutionalized persons. Individuals with disorganized schizophrenia may have delusions and hallucinations and will definitely demonstrate negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, although disorganization is the most prominent group of symptoms they will show. These individuals are often the ones that become disheveled, homeless, and transient. They may develop a very strong odor from not cleaning themselves and can be extremely hard to understand because of their disorganized speech. Types of disorganized speech include tangentiality, where there is poor focus to one’s speech so that they never get back to the initial topic when speaking. In circumstantiality, one starts talking about something and eventually ends up back on that topic, but only after substantially unfocused speech. One may exhibit loosening of associations, in which one observes a sequence of disconnected or only remotely related ideas. Thought blocking occurs when someone is so disorganized that he or she cannot finish a thought and may stop speaking mid-sentence, or just not initiate a sentence at all. Sometimes, one’s speech can become so unfocused and jumbled that it can be described as “word salad,” such that there are no discernable links between the different words that someone is using, as if one is randomly reciting words out of a dictionary.
Psychiatric disorders, developmental, and academic difficulties among children and adolescents at-risk for schizophrenia: a controlled study
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018
Funda Gumustas, Emel Koyuncu Kutuk, Yasemin Yulaf, Behice Han Almis
Forty-eight per cent (n = 17) of the parents who were diagnosed with schizophrenia were mothers and 52% (n = 18) were fathers. Paranoid schizophrenia was the subtype of 77.2% (n = 27) of the parents who were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The rate of schizoaffective disorder was 11.4% (n = 4), disorganized schizophrenia 5.7% (n = 2), and atypical psychosis 5.7% (n = 2). Eighty-one per cent (n = 32) of parents diagnosed with schizophrenia were in remission period, 9% (n = 3) were in the active phase of psychosis. Mean duration of illness was 18.94 ± 10.9 years (min. 2–max 30 years). The number of hospitalization was less than two in 40% (n = 14) of patients, and more than twice in 40% (n = 14). The remaining seven patients (20%) had no hospital admissions. The average duration of stay in hospital was 3.06 ± 3.15 months (min 0–max 12 months).
Co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2018
Tamara E. Rosen, Carla A. Mazefsky, Roma A. Vasa, Matthew D. Lerner
There is now considerable evidence for the differentiation of schizophrenia/psychotic disorders and ASD. For example, stereotypical and repetitive behaviour, resistance to environmental change, visual pre-occupations, and problems with non-verbal communication have been shown to differentiate adults with ASD from those with schizophrenia, with the ASD group showing elevations in these symptoms compared to the schizophrenic group (Konstantareas & Hewitt, 2001). Moreover, the same study found that the ASD group with schizophrenia was more likely to be diagnosed with disorganized schizophrenia compared to those with schizophrenia, in which the paranoid sub-type was predominant. Additionally, a more recent line of work suggests specific differences in social cognitive deficits in ASD compared to schizophrenia, such as less attention to emotionally ambiguous stimuli (Sasson, Pinkham, Weittenhiller, Faso, & Simpson, 2016). Additionally, paranoia in schizophrenia is characterized by fear of victimization, suspicion, and threat of harm, while, in ASD, it is characterized by social cynicism (Pinkham et al., 2012). Lastly, the social deficits of the two disorders appear to be somewhat distinct; whereas adults with ASD ask fewer questions in conversations compared to adults with schizophrenia, adults with schizophrenia have flatter affect and poorer eye contact (Morrison et al., 2017). However, in this study, adults with ASD overall had poorer social skills.
Editorial
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2018
Kornmayer et al., investigated visual gamma-band response (GBR) during sensory processing in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. They found effects for schizophrenia patients in psychiatric salient distracter condition and the evoked GBR power in the condition was associated with positive and disorganized schizophrenia symptoms. The authors conclude that processing of physically salient stimuli may underlie the pathophysiology of positive symptoms.