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Feminist bioethics perspectives on neurobiological approaches to addiction and chronic pain
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Daniel Z. Buchman, Suze G. Berkhout
The brain model of addiction is closely related to the brain disease model of addiction (BDMA). The BDMA emerged from broader historical and social processes to medicalize addiction and mental disorder that formally date back to Rush (1823), who, in the early 19th century, provided an alternative to the moral perspective on habitual drunkenness promoted by the church (Jellinek 1960; Levine 1978). The contemporary BDMA states that addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that emerges from the prolonged effect of drugs on the human brain (Leshner 1997; Volkow and Li 2004).
Introduction
Published in Kate Seear, Law, Drugs and the Making of Addiction, 2019
In recent years, a particular disease model of addiction known as the ‘brain disease model’ has become increasingly popular and influential. This is largely a result of the work of the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which first articulated this view under the leadership of Alan Leshner (1997), and has since invested heavily in it under the direction of Nora Volkow. For leading proponents of this model, addiction is a chronic, relapsing disease which represents ‘the neurobiology of behavior gone awry’ (Volkow & Li, 2004). It holds that drugs ‘hijack’ the brain’s reward system by binding to the receptors in the brain that produce sensations of pleasure (Nestler & Malenka, 2004; Robinson & Berridge, 2004). Nancy Campbell argues that this definition ‘provided scaffolding for a new optics that reorganized the federal research apparatus, reorienting it toward neuroscience with the goal of pinpointing molecular “targets” for medications development’ (2010: 90).
Exercise in the Prevention, Treatment, and Management of Addictive Substance Use
Published in Henning Budde, Mirko Wegner, The Exercise Effect on Mental Health, 2018
Additional animal research conducted in the 1970s and 1980s by Bruce K. Alexander examined the effects of housing on self-administered morphine within rats (Alexander, Coambs, & Hadaway 1978; Alexander, Beyerstein, Hadaway, & Coambs 1981). It aimed to investigate the effect of environment on addiction to investigate the disease model of addiction. It found that rats kept in isolation would consume more morphine than water compared to rats housed in enriched colony environments (with space, other rats, exercise wheels) where it was thought consumption of morphine interfered with species-specific behavior. Even when morphine-addicted rats were moved from isolation to enriched environments, there was a tendency for the rats to wean themselves off the morphine solution. This points towards the powerful influence of environment in mediating addiction, and the important role it plays in addiction (Figure 10.1).
A Multifamily Group Curriculum for Family Members of Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: Updates, Perceptions, and Outcomes
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2022
Sterling T. Shumway, Spencer D. Bradshaw, Mazie Zielinski, Carissa D’Aniello, Thomas G. Kimball, Kristy Soloski
These changes were made as a result of clinical observation and participant feedback in an effort to continue to make the MFGC more effective. More specifically, family members and their loved-ones seeking recovery from a SUD consistently share positive experiences and utility of learning about the disease model of addiction and how this impacts family members. They have also commented on the therapeutic value of enactments and coaching of emotional expression. Furthermore, each participating family is different, as is each multifamily group as a whole; therefore, flexibility to conduct a concluding intervention that best suites the needs of the multifamily group and/or participating families is believed to be an important development.
Perception of pharmacy students toward opioid-related disorders and roles of community pharmacists: A French nationwide cross-sectional study
Published in Substance Abuse, 2021
David Balayssac, Bruno Pereira, Pierre Cuq, Juliette Douris, Luc Ferrari, Elisa Boutet-Robinet, Mathilde Lechevrel, Christine Demeilliers, Patrice Rat, François Coudoré, Elise Verron, Bruno Lacarelle, Jérôme Guitton, Arnaud Courtois, Delphine Allorge, Stéphanie Pain, Michel Guerbet, Aurore Collin, Brigitte Vennat, Georges Brousse, Nicolas Authier, Catherine Laporte
From the medical viewpoint, patients with an SRD are reputed to be difficult, because of psychiatric disorders, concealment of addiction disorders, marginality, financial and social issues.11–13 The disease model for addiction is often recognized by physicians, but it exists alongside beliefs that addiction is a response to psychological wounds or moral failings.14 French general practitioners are efficient in diagnosing SRD correctly but on average express negative attitudes toward people with SRD.15 This negative attitude of physicians toward addictions plays a significant role in the care received by patients with addictions.16
Conceptualizing Moral Responsibility Related to Alcohol Use Disorder
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2019
Regina Christiansen, Anne-Marie S. Christensen, Randi Bilberg, Jakob Emiliussen
The perspective of Fischer and Ravizza (1998) can improve our understanding of the disease model of addiction by introducing mechanisms as the foundation of human actions. Irrespective of the extent to which addiction might be influenced by biological, genetic, or cultural factors questions of control and moral responsibility are important . The work of Fischer and Ravizza addresses certain longstanding questions concerning human reasoning and actions in contexts where alcohol is involved (Yaffe, 2002).