China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Neuroimaging in the Evaluation of Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Khoo et al. investigated default mode network connectivity using resting state functional MRI (fMRI) in patients with iNPH and demonstrated that the default mode network (DMN) connectivity was reduced in patients with iNPH compared to healthy controls.67 However, in the iNPH group, DMN connectivity was positively correlated with the clinical symptom scores. DMN connectivity seems to be altered in patients with iNPH and may serve as a marker for severity of clinical symptoms.
The ‘awe-full’ fascination of pathology
Published in Alan Bleakley, Routledge handbook of the medical humanities, 2019
Quentin Eichbaum, Leonard White, Gwinyai Masukume, Gil Pena
In neurobiological terms, this concurrent duality of awe-full and awful in the mind of the pathologist suggests conjoint modulations of competing neural networks. The brain’s saliency or attentional network (see below) would be engaged by the close inspection of the histopathological, especially the visual details that support particular pathological diagnoses (Fox et al. 2005; Rosenberg et al. 2017). The so-called ‘default mode network’ is typically engaged when mentalising and reflecting internally (e.g., when ‘mind wandering’) (Fox et al. 2005; Mittner et al. 2016). Elements of this network—situated mainly on the medial face of the cerebral hemisphere and deep inside the temporal lobe—would be expected to underlie the subjective, affective, and phenomenological appraisals that inspire awe in the mind of the pathologist.
Life Enrichment through Pattern and Routine
Published in Lisa D. Hinz, Beyond Self-Care for Helping Professionals, 2018
Doodling is another type of drawing activity that recently has received a great deal of media attention for its beneficial effects. Again, doodling is not a specific form of art therapy, but does focus on the use of art for therapeutic benefit. Doodling can have positive effects on cognitive processes such as attention and memory (Andrade, 2010; Brown, 2015; Singh, & Kashyap, 2015). It has been shown that doodling while listening to a person speaking significantly boosts subsequent memory retrieval (Andrade, 2010; Singh & Kashyap, 2015). In her class on the workings of the mind, professor Lynda Barry requires her students to create doodles as they listen to lectures in order to enhance their attention to and retention of the course material (Barry, 2014). Observational data supports the role of doodling in stress reduction, possibly because this unfocused drawing activity distracts the default mode network of the brain (Schott, 2011). As was mentioned in the last chapter, the default mode network is that part of the brain that is working when people are not actively engaged in a task. It is operational when they are not busy and when not busy, people tend to worry. Doodling is an easy but engaging task that can reduce worry and increase attention.
Identification and effective connections of core networks in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and cognitive impairment: Granger causality analysis and multivariate pattern analysis
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2023
Yanchun Jiang, Yanbo Zhang, Liluo Nie, Huihua Liu, Jinou Zheng
The default mode network is considered to be an integrated system of mental processing related to self-reference. In this study, based on the MVPA method, the EC abnormality between the DMN-CEN was discovered, and the experimental results achieved a good classification effect. The feature extraction and classification methods of the EC of the two groups of subjects were accurately provided for the CI-TLE patients. The structural changes of the network and the classification model based on the GCA could effectively aid in the diagnosis and identification of CI-TLE patients and provide an objective basis to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of CI-TLE. Our findings indicated that the result of the functional network selected from the GCA-based brain network provided increased classification accuracy.
Brain activity and connectivity changes in response to nutritive natural sugars, non-nutritive natural sugar replacements and artificial sweeteners
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Anna M. Van Opstal, Anne Hafkemeijer, Annette A. van den Berg-Huysmans, Marco Hoeksma, Theo. P. J. Mulder, Hanno Pijl, Serge A. R. B. Rombouts, Jeroen van der Grond
Functional network analysis was performed on the same ICA-AROMA preprocessed data using the Beckmann resting state functional networks templates for the default mode and executive control network [38]. The Beckmann auditory network was used as a template for the salience network as this standard template encompasses largely the same brain areas [42]. Brain areas regarded to compose the default mode network according to these templates are; the posterior parietal cortex at the occipito-parietal junction, the pre-cuneus and posterior cingulate cortex, and the frontal pole. Brain areas regarded to compose the executive control network; superior and middle prefrontal cortices, anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and thalamus. Brain areas regarded to compose the salience network; the lateral superior temporal gyrus and posterior insular cortex, and in the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior supramarginal gyrus and thalamus. Functional connectivity of each network of interest was calculated using the dual regression approach of FSL [46]. This resulted in 3D images for each individual, with voxel-wise Z-scores representing the functional connectivity to each network. The average Z-scores per network were calculated for the pre- and post- ingestion time point. Differences in Z-scores between pre- and post-ingestion were analyzed using paired samples t-tests per functional connectivity network, and uncorrected p-value of p < 0.05 was deemed significant.
Current neuroscientific research database findings of brain activity changes after hypnosis
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2021
Ulrike Halsband, Thomas Gerhard Wolf
Highly suggestible subjects show brain activity in the anterior system of the default mode network in rest following a hypnotic induction. The “default mode” network consists of brain areas that are active in the absence of goal-directed activity. Responses to a hypnotic induction are associated with a greater selective reduction of resting state in medial prefrontal cortex in subjects who scored high on hypnotic suggestibility as compared to subjects who scored low (McGeown, Mazzoni, Venneri, & Kirsch, 2009). Using fMRI, McGeown et al. (2009) found that response to a hypnotic induction is associated with a greater selective reduction of resting state medial prefrontal cortex in subjects who scored high on a measure of hypnotic suggestibility as compared to subjects who scored low (McGeown et al., 2009). Results indicate that highly suggestible subjects show brain activity in the anterior system of the default mode network in rest following a hypnotic induction.