China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Developing Education and Treatment Protocols for Substance Use Disorders That Are Socially Responsible, Accountable, and Integrated
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
Diagnosis of SUD is performed using the Diagnostic Statistical Manual – DSM-5.24 The DSM is the standard psychiatric system of classification for mental disorders used for clinical, research, policy, and reimbursement purposes in the United States. It has widespread importance and influence on how disorders are diagnosed, treated, and investigated. Since its first publication in 1952, DSM has been reviewed and revised five times; the new version, DSM-5, was published in 2013. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by healthcare professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide toward the diagnosis of mental disorders.
The Importance of Personalized Nutrition in Psychological Disorders
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Since mental health problems are encountered in all stages of life, cultures and populations, provision of mental health should be adjusted to every individuals’ needs (Lesage, Vasiliadis et al. 2006). Mental health conditions refer to changes in the functioning of the brain and nervous system, which lead to alterations in perception of the environment and responses given to it. It is thought that there is a relationship between long-lasting disability and significant mortality through suicide, medical illnesses and accidental death (Davison, Ng et al. 2012). Since they may appear in different forms, individuals may have different experiences. The WHO states that 350 million people suffer from depression, 50 million from epilepsy and 21 million from schizophrenia. Furthermore, 900,000 suicides occur each year. Although 76–85% of these individuals have severe mental health conditions, unfortunately those coming from low- and middle-income countries do not receive any treatment (WHO 2014b). Published by the American Psychiatric Association, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) forms a common language to group mental health conditions (Davison, Ng et al. 2012).
Miscellaneous
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
DSM is produced by the American Psychiatric Association and, as well as being used by mental health professionals in the United States, it is also commonly used for research worldwide. It takes the form of a manual with three sections: I – development of DSM-5 and its organisation; II – diagnostic classes and their criteria; III – cultural considerations, conditions for further study and an alternative dimensional model for personality disorders.
A Crosswalk Study of DSM-IV and DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD from the DSM-5 Field Trials
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Carol S. North, Alina M. Surís, Diana Clarke, Jayme M. Palka, Lamyaa Yousif, Darrel A. Regier
The above-mentioned studies suggest the need to further examine effects of each of the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in a crosswalk study designed for this purpose. The DSM-5 Field Trials were conducted to measure the reliability of clinical assessments of the same patient by two different clinical raters using the new diagnostic criteria in real-world clinical settings (Clarke et al., 2013; Regier et al., 2013). For PTSD, the test-retest reliability was very good (κ = .67; Regier et al., 2013). The Field Trials did not originally include a crosswalk study to compare the DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. A crosswalk study provides a point-by-point comparison of separate diagnostic criteria sets, examining both overall prevalence rates and agreement/disagreement at the individual level for each element of the criteria as well as overall diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to conduct a subsequent crosswalk comparison to examine the extent of agreement in the individual symptom criteria and overall diagnostic criteria for PTSD based on DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria in samples of military veteran psychiatric patients. This allowed examination of contributions of specific changes in the criteria between DSM-IV and DSM-5 to differences in diagnostic prevalence.
Re-Analyzing Phase III Bremelanotide Trials for “Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder” in Women
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2021
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) was released in 1994 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). In the late 1990s, when pharmacological treatments to enhance female sexual desire and arousal were in development, the DSM-IV contained the list of “sexual dysfunctions” which could be targeted by such treatments, of which hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) were the most relevant. Drug firms funded the development of measurements for the severity of such “sexual dysfunctions” so that the success of their products could be gauged (Moynihan, 2003). In the DSM-5, published in 2013, HSDD and FSAD were both removed (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). They were replaced by a combined condition of female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD), a disorder including reduced sexual desire, lack of response to sexual stimuli, and lack of pleasure during sexual activity, impacting at least 75% of sexual encounters and causing significant personal distress over a period of at least six months.
Conceptual and historical evolution of psychiatric nosology
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Thus, by the late 1940s multiple distinct nomenclature systems were in use, and the American Psychiatric Association created a new catalogue to supersede them: the ‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual’ (DSM). It divided mental disorders into two large groups based on aetiological considerations (neurological vs primary psychiatric), although its diagnoses were nonetheless descriptive (American Psychiatric Association, 1952). The first group consisted of neuropsychiatric manifestations of neurological conditions, dementias, and intellectual disabilities, while the second group consisted of psychiatric disorders that were conceptualized in terms of Meyerian reactions similar to Medical 203 (Aragona, 2014; Shorter, 2015). The psychotic disorders carried forward distinctions of involutional psychosis, manic depressive illness, depressive illness, schizophrenia subtypes, and paranoia, but framed them as reactions (American Psychiatric Association, 1952). The DSM-II was released in 1968, amid efforts to align it better with the 8th edition of the International Classification of Diseases, and largely continued the nosology and ontology that was established in the DSM I (Aragona, 2014; Shorter, 2015). Although some commentators (Klerman et al., 1984) have characterized the early DSMs as psychodynamically-influenced, it is increasingly recognized that the manuals were more eclectic in nature and more in line with European psychiatry than has previously been acknowledged (Aragona, 2014; Cooper, 2005).