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Tools from the Learning Sciences
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Aaron Kessler
Before higher levels of motivation can be attained, a person’s basic survival needs (for example, not starving and feeling safe) and psychological needs (for example, belonging and esteem) must be met, more or less. Learners with good nutrition, sleep, and exercise will have better cognitive skills. Aerobic exercise can improve brain plasticity. Sleep is critical for solidifying learning. Nutrition is important for brain health. Similarly, learners who feel they’re a part of a positive, supportive learning community will be better able to focus on learning. To the extent possible, set these conditions to enable learning.
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder and Auditory Processing Disorder
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Arun Pajaniappane, Cristina F. B. Murphy, Doris-Eva Bamiou
Assessments of other domains such as language and cognition are of paramount importance as these factors can affect APD test performance. Age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline is such an example. Assessment of cognitive skills, such as working memory, is therefore useful during assessment.
“Paradise Room”
Published in Paul A. Rodgers, Design for People Living with Dementia, 2022
With dementia progressing, the ability to integrate cognitive stimulation decreases and activities requiring cognitive skills become less appropriate. Providing personalised sensory-based activities and appropriate sensory-focused environments therefore is essential (Figure 10.1). Stimuli and occupation on sensory level support making the most of an individual's residual sensorimotor abilities. Although people with dementia might not be able to make sense of all the sensorial information received, they still can derive enjoyment from pleasant and meaningful sensations and benefit from sensory stimulation evoking positive feelings and providing engagement (Lykkeslet et al., 2014; Pulsford and Thompson, 2013).
Understanding the Experience and Impacts of Brain Fog in Chronic Pain: A Scoping Review
Published in Canadian Journal of Pain, 2023
Ronessa Dass, Mohini Kalia, Jocelyn Harris, Tara Packham
Before beginning any formal search or study screening, a nonexhaustive search of the literature was used to inform a working definition of brain fog. We formulated the following initial definition: “‘Brain fog’ is the term used in the literature to identify a poorly defined phenomenon representing possible variable states of perceived cognitive dysfunction leading to challenges in the day-to-day application of cognitive skills in individuals’ participation in daily activities.” Then, following Levac et al.’s methodology,17 this definition was provided to four patient partners and two HCPs specializing in chronic pain. These stakeholders were asked to critically analyze and refine the initial definition. Stakeholders were asked to refine the definition because the initial definition was based upon a rough search of the literature. The authors wanted to ensure that the proposed definition was reflective of patient and HCP perspectives. As a result, we reformulated our working definition for brain fog as “a phenomenon of fluctuating states of perceived cognitive dysfunction that could have implications in the functional application of cognitive skills in people’s participation in daily activities” (see Figure 1 for elaboration). Key features of this definition include possible variability, participation limits, perceived cognitive dysfunction, and functional activities, as highlighted in Figure 1.
Conceptualizing recovery capital for older adults with substance use disorders
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2021
Charles LaBarre, Braden K. Linn, Clara M. Bradizza, Elizabeth A. Bowen, Paul R. Stasiewicz
Older adults face a broad range of health issues related to cognitive decline and elevated prevalence of most diseases that may imperil recovery goals. Physical health problems resulting from substance misuse among older adults are substantial forms of negative human capital (Cloud & Granfield, 2008). Among older adults, excessive alcohol and other substance use have been linked to the development of dementia and reduction in cognitive skills related to memory and sensory functioning (Kuźma et al., 2014; Piazza-Gardner et al., 2013). Lin et al. (2011) found that older adults with co-occurring substance and mental health conditions have a higher risk of acquiring 11 chronic health conditions, including stroke, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes. The increased use of prescription medications among older adults increases the likelihood of drug interactions that may worsen physical conditions (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA]; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). These physical health problems and limitations serve as a strong source of negative capital that may limit treatment access and affect recovery outcomes among older adults.
A narrative review of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Growth Factors, 2020
Noor Azila Ismail, Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah, Rohayu Hami, Hazwani Ahmad Yusof
Cognition is linked to how a person understands the world and behaves within it. Cognition is a term that refers to various cognitive skills, including learning, thought, reasoning, recall, problem-solving, decision-making, and attention (Fisher, Chacon, and Chaffee 2019). Cognitive skills involve using the mental faculty to perform either a simple or a complex task (Fisher, Chacon, and Chaffee 2019). We have more to do with the processes of learning, recalling, problem-solving, and paying attention, than with any actual expertise. Many aspects of cognitive function change with age, and while many cognitive functions decline with age, both the person and the form of function differ in the degree and pattern of the decline (Harvey and Mohs 2001). Many types of cognitive activity in people when they are older are exhibited consistently at lower rates than their performance at younger ages (Harvey and Mohs 2001). Other cognitive functions change very little over the life span, on average, and some functions improve at later life periods (Harvey and Mohs 2001). To the degree to which perception shifts with ageing, there are significant individual variations. Rowe and Kahn (1987) found that some individuals aged successfully so that during ageing, several cognitive functions remain unimpaired, and some may even improve.