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Cognition and stress
Published in Tony Cassidy, Stress, Cognition and Health, 2023
The cognitive revolution or return of mind to psychology is generally identified as having got under way in the 1970s (Lazarus, 1993). However, to suggest that no cognitive theories of behaviour and experience existed prior to that would be a gross inaccuracy. The role of cognitive processes in terms of beliefs was not a problem for the more eclectic theorists in psychology right from its inception. People like James (1890), Murray (1938), Lewin (1951) and others assumed that cognitive processes were an important part of any explanation of human behaviour and experience.
Animals in psychological research
Published in Clive R. Hollin, An Introduction to Human–Animal Relationships, 2021
As psychology matured, the use of animals in psychological experiments fell out of fashion and the emphasis shifted to human cognition. This change is best exemplified with learning theory, the bastion of animal experimentation and the advent of social learning theory with its focus on internal processes such as cognition and emotion (Bandura, 1977). Indeed, the change in direction taken by psychological research was heralded as a cognitive revolution (Baars, 1986). Although there was a renewed interest in comparative psychology, a hybrid of psychology and ethology (Greenberg & Haraway, 2002).
Cognitive Science: Integrative Theory of Cognition, Cognitivism and Computationalism
Published in Harald Maurer, Cognitive Science, 2021
In view of these behavior-controlling conditions, however, a clear reversal of the perspective and the question took place: the behavior is controlled by not (only) the external situation factors but also – tendentially – by the person himself. This departure from the behavioristic approach of a passive reacting organism towards a knowledge-processing, self-controlling, self-acting and perceiving individual has been termed the "cognitive turn" or the "cognitive revolution" in psychology.
Humans and machines: Moving towards a more symbiotic approach to learning clinical reasoning
Published in Medical Teacher, 2020
Ralph Pinnock, Jenny McDonald, Darren Ritchie, Steven J. Durning
Furthermore, the cognitive revolution of the 1950s, which marked the move away from behaviourism and black-box thinking about mind and brain, relied heavily on the methods of early AI and computer science (Russell and Norvig 2009).