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Clinical Assessment of Patients with Dementia
Published in Zaven S. Khachaturian, Teresa S. Radebaugh, Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019
Psychiatric disorders, particularly depression, can influence cognitive performance. Indeed, depression is often misidentified as dementia, and dementia can be mistaken for depression.40 The possibility that a seemingly demented person might be depressed is important to consider, particularly since many people in the early stages of dementia are themselves depressed.41 Depression presenting as dementia has been labeled “pseudodementia” and, more recently, “depression-related cognitive dysfunction”.42 Persons suspected of dementia should be evaluated for depression in both the medical history and in appropriate neuropsychological batteries. In addition to depression, many other psychiatric disorders can be mistaken for dementia, particularly psychotic paranoid states and schizophrenia.
Dietary Supplements for Use in Extreme Sports
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Nicolas J.G. Smith, Matthew Butawan, Richard J. Bloomer
In addition to physical performance, cognitive processes–such as memory, reaction speed, attention, decision-making, coordination, and motor control–can influence athletic performance to a large degree. To truly maximize athletic potential, athletes must strive to optimize cognitive performance as well as physical performance. Major factors that influence cognitive performance include age, sleep status, stress levels, and diet. With respect to diet, eating a healthy diet composed of appropriate amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, healthy fats, and essential micronutrients can assist in optimizing cognitive performance. Additionally, supplementing a healthy diet with selected dietary supplements has been shown to enhance cognitive function in certain situations.
Adverse events of ECT
Published in Alan Weiss, The Electroconvulsive Therapy Workbook, 2018
A recent meta-analysis of 84 cognitive per-formance studies highlighted that: over 70% of studies had shown a significant decrease in cognitive performance at day three and after the last treatment; improvement occurred between days four and 15 post-ECT with no measurable negative effects on cognitive function after that time; and in 60% of cases test results showed improvement compared to baseline tests (Semkovska and McLoughlin, 2010). A further review identified that bitemporal ECT was associated with more deficits in verbal and visual episodic memory, with brief pulse causing less impairment on visual memory than sine wave ECT. There was no correlation between mean electrical dosage, age or total number of treatments and cognitive change (Semkovska and McLoughlin, 2010).
Impact of ZNF804A rs1344706 or CACNA1C rs1006737 polymorphisms on cognition in patients with severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Ana Cecília Novaes de Oliveira Roldan, Luiz Carlos Cantanhede Fernandes Júnior, Carlos Eduardo Coral de Oliveira, Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes
Based on eligibility criteria, full original articles satisfying the following criteria were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis: (a) studies were included independent of sample size, publication date, and language; (b) patients satisfied diagnostic criteria for SCZ spectrum and BD, and healthy controls did not present the diagnosis for SCZ spectrum and BD and had no family history of severe mental disorders in first-degree relatives; (c) men and women (based on self-report); (d) age <60 years; (e) all participants had genotyped samples for CACNA1C-rs1006737 or ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms; (f) studies have been case-control; (g) standardised tests for measuring cognitive functions or scales were applied; (h) any association between CACNA1C-rs1006737 or ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms in the patient group and the control group, and (i) assessment of cognitive performance.
Association between testosterone and cognitive performance in postmenopausal women: a systematic review of observational studies
Published in Climacteric, 2023
F. Sultana, S. R. Davis, R. J. Bell, S. Taylor, R. M. Islam
Cognitive performance is a comprehensive term for cognitive and intellectual functions and processes related to perception, memory, learning, visuospatial ability, attention, problem solving, decision-making and language abilities [29]. These refer to cognitive abilities and consist of a number of functional domains such as executive function, verbal, visual and semantic memory, processing speed and others [29]. We could not directly compare the findings for most of the included studies as approximately 11 different cognitive domains were tested by 37 different instruments across the 10 included studies. The MMSE, which is a global screening test for cognitive performance [30], was the only common measure used with both significant [22,26] and non-significant [19,21,27] associations reported. The MMSE is not recommended as a sole criterion to diagnose cognitive impairment and dementia, and a low score requires further evaluation and consideration of the influence of age, education and cultural background [31]. The exclusion of the orientation component from the modified MMSE in one study [19] might have impacted the findings as cognitive disorders such as AD are known to adversely affect orientation in time and place [32–34].
Effects of Sleep Deprivation in Military Service Members on Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Published in Military Behavioral Health, 2022
Lyddia A. Petrofsky, Corinne M. Heffernan, Brian T. Gregg, Enrique V. Smith-Forbes
Four of the twelve studies in this review utilized the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), a measure of vigilance and reaction time, as an overall outcome measure for cognitive performance. While this measure yielded significant findings in the majority of included studies, reaction time, or psychomotor ability, is only one of the previously mentioned domains of cognitive performance, and therefore generalizability of SD on cognitive performance is limited (Harvey, 2019). Another limitation involves the lack of an identifiable cognitive performance model or theory to organize and define the volume of cognitive components or domains that exist. Articles within this review focus primarily on one or two aspects or domains of cognition with broader reference to cognitive performance. However, authors defer to acknowledge a particular cognitive performance framework despite including supportive literature for a given domain of cognition. This accounts for the cognitive areas measured across the 12 studies and the variability of elected cognitive assessment tools. An additional study to evaluate the various domains of cognition referenced as cognitive performance could be beneficial for future reviews. One additional limitation was the focus on an otherwise healthy U.S. military population with the exclusion of studies that identified a focus on specific diagnosis of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea. This limits the generalizability of our findings, and future reviews may choose to include a sample of both healthy individuals and those with sleep diagnoses.