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Depression
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Psychotherapy alone may be considered as a first-line management strategy in mild, but not severe, depression. It may be used in combination with other modalities for more serious mood disorders. It is thought to be most useful when background personality disorders, psychosocial factors or interpersonal stressors are prominent.20 Cognitive therapy tries to identify and correct negative thought patterns. Behavioural therapy aims to promote the positive reinforcement of pleasurable activities and the negative reinforcement of harmful behaviours. It may have a role in reducing suicide rates among those who have made previous attempts.21 Meta-analyses suggest that they may have a similar efficacy to pharmacological agents.22 However, a trial that compared the use of psychotherapy, paroxetine, or both, for the maintenance of remission in older adults (mean age 77) found a far lower relapse rate with paroxetine (37%) compared to psychotherapy alone (68%).23 Also, there was no significant benefit from adding psychotherapy to paroxetine. These treatment modalities have the advantage of avoiding the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions but their use may be limited by access.
Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
Principles of behaviour therapy include reinforcement (increasing a desired behaviour usually by some type of reward, emotional or material), extinction (to choose to diminish undesirable behaviour), 'time out' (temporary removal from a reinforcing setting) and ignoring (refusal to respond to undesired behaviour). Free association, transference and resistance are technical terms relating to psychodynamic forms of psychotherapy.
Anxiety and depression in patients with chronic respiratory disease
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Behavioural therapy is a composite term describing various therapies to treat mental health disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety, panic and phobias). Behavioural therapy comprises cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), counselling, meditation and yoga, and relaxation and self-management exercises. CBT specifically addresses a patient's thought processes and beliefs that induce excessive worry, anxiety and depressed mood. Several studies demonstrate that CBT effectively treats anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with COPD (66–68).
A systematic review of maintenance following intensive therapy programs in chronic post-stroke aphasia: importance of individual response analysis
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Maya Menahemi-Falkov, Caterina Breitenstein, John E. Pierce, Anne J. Hill, Robyn O'Halloran, Miranda L. Rose
Following the initial search, duplicate articles were removed using reference management software (EndNote X9 by Clarivate Analytics). All abstracts were screened independently by the first and third authors using Covidence (https://www.covidence.org/), an online systematic review tool, against the following inclusion criteria:Published in peer-reviewed journal in the English language.Adults (18+ years) with chronic stroke-induced aphasia (≥6 months).Original quantitative research data.Behavioural therapy program delivered for at least five hours per week for a limited, pre-defined duration and aimed at achieving specific language or communication goals [16].At least a single follow-up assessment.
The efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy on stress, anxiety and depression of infertile couples: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Sedigheh Abdollahpour, Ali Taghipour, Seyedeh Houra Mousavi Vahed, Robab Latifnejad Roudsari
So far, various psychotherapy methods have been conducted with the aim of reducing the psychological harm of infertile couples (Boivin 2003; Maleki-Saghooni et al. 2017). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the strongest types of psychological method that focuses on rooting out individual problems (Cuijpers et al. 2013). By examining individual’s behaviours and personality, CBT identifies maladaptive behaviours and negative thoughts then, by changing ineffective beliefs and introducing a new behaviour it increases the individual’s power of adaptation and compatibility with problems (Beck 2011). Cognitive behavioural therapy challenges people through techniques such as positive programming, relaxation and meditation, respiratory techniques, physical activity, effective communication and self-expression, problem-solving skills, negative opinion control and anger management (Lapp et al. 2010; Beck 2011) to reduce the symptoms of diseases such as stress, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, chronic pain, panic disorder, social phobia and marital conflicts (Butler et al. 2006). Since stress, anxiety and depression of infertile couples could demonstrate their psychological status, and the impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on these attributes of infertile couples has not been studied yet through a systematic review and no reliable evidence exists on this topic, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CBT on depression, stress and anxiety in infertile couples.
Psychological approaches for the management of persistent postconcussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Karen A. Sullivan, Sherrie-Anne Kaye, Hannah Blaine, Shannon L. Edmed, Susanne Meares, Kalina Rossa, Catherine Haden
Patients randomly allocated to the cognitive behaviour therapy condition in Silverberg et al. [32] received the treatment from a psychologist in addition to treatment-as-usual (a single 3-h session with a registered occupational therapist aimed at providing education, reassurance and symptom management strategies). Silverberg et al. [32] extended the cognitive behaviour therapy model used by Mittenberg and colleagues [26]. Unlike the single session used in Mittenberg et al. [26] treatment was delivered in six weekly 50-min sessions. Patients also received homework tasks to complete between sessions. Three-month follow-up data revealed that while the treatment group reported fewer symptoms than the control group, this finding did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.085). However, patients in the treatment group were significantly less likely to meet a diagnosis of postconcussion syndrome than controls. Silverberg et al. [32] also modified their trial parameters (i.e., exclusion criteria) after 20-months due to slow recruitment and the perception that the program would assist patients previously excluded.