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Neuropsychology:
Published in Robert E. Becker, Ezio Giacobini, Alzheimer Disease, 2020
Longitudinal studies, on the other hand, have suggested cross-sectional studies overestimate the rate of decline with age (Miller, 1977). One study using the Army Alpha test reported a slight non-significant trend for subjects tested at age 50 and again 11 years later (Owens, 1966). Schaie and Strother (1968a; 1968b) combined both methods by administering the primary Mental Abilities test to cross-sectional samples of subjects at 5-year age intervals from 20 to 70 years and then retesting each subject 7 years later. The results of this study indicated that cross-sectional data overestimated age declines except where speed was a factor.
Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Published in Christopher J. Nicholls, Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children and Adolescents, 2018
The early 1900s were a time of great political upheaval around the world, and with the large numbers of draftees in World War I, psychologists started to discuss the possible roles they could play in the war efforts. Robert Yerkes, who was the President of the American Psychological Association in 1917, along with Edward Thorndike, who had been President of APA in 1912, created the Army Alpha and Beta intelligence tests, which were combined to determine qualification for enlistment in the United States armed forces (Edward Thorndike, n.d.). These tests were later adapted by David Wechsler and resulted in his development and publication of the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1946).
Existing Longitudinal Data Sets for the Study of Health and Social Aspects of Aging
Published in Jason T. Newsom, Richard N. Jones, Scott M. Hofer, Longitudinal Data Analysis, 2013
Nathalie Huguet, Shayna D. Cunningham, Jason T. Newsom
The BLSA includes an extensive set of physical, psychological, and physiological tests. Not all participants were administered every test. BLSA includes information on sociodemographic (gender, age, race, marital status and history, education, income, employment/occupation, religious preferences, country of birth); health-related measures (self-rated health, chronic health problem, depression, medication, falling history); life style (smoking status, physical activity, nutrition and diet, leisure activities); mental health and cognition (Cornell Medical Index, attitudes toward older people, temperament survey, Benton visual retention test, memory test, problem solving, Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale, reaction time); psychosocial (contact with friend and family, organization membership, family structure, and social support); physiological measurements (hearing and vision, army alpha examination, basal metabolism, blood pressure, body composition, bone data, EEG, genetics, glucose tolerance, exercise test, EKG coronary heart disease classification, hormone replacement therapy, immunology, nerve conduction velocity, pulmonary function, renal diagnostic classification, oxygen volume, skin fibroblast data, strength testing, stress test, taping test); and parent’s information (occupation, country of birth).
Employees High in Personal Intelligence Differ From Their Colleagues in Workplace Perceptions and Behavior
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2018
John D. Mayer, Brendan Lortie, A. T. Panter, David R. Caruso
The TOPI–MINI–12 (Mayer, Panter, & Caruso, 2017b) is a 12-item short form that correlates approximately r = .78 with full-length versions of the TOPI across samples. Additional intelligence measures included (a) Vocab–29 (Mayer et al., 2012), a revision of the original Army Alpha intelligence test (Pucci & Viard, 1995), with one faulty item dropped from the Mayer et al. (2012) 30-item version; (b) Wordsumplus (Cor, Haertel, Krosnick, & Malhotra, 2012), a 14-item, item-response theory refined vocabulary subtest, versions of which have been employed by the General Social Survey since 1974; and (c) Backwards Digit Span, a measure of working memory that has been adapted for online administration (Ostrosky-Solís & Lozano, 2006).
From Combat to COVID-19 – Managing the Impact of Trauma Using Virtual Reality
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2021
Albert “Skip” Rizzo, Arno Hartholt, Sharon Mozgai
Since our research in this area was initially motivated by the urgency to address the mental health needs of trauma-exposed service members and Veterans, it is illustrative to put this work in a larger historical context. If one reviews the history of the impact of war on advances in clinical care, it could be suggested that the clinical use of VR, VHs, and other tech-based solutions is an idea whose time has come. For example, during WW I, the Army Alpha/Beta Classification Test emerged from the need for improved cognitive ability assessment to inform military specialization assignments; that development later set the stage for the civilian intelligence testing movement over the next 40 years. Later on, the birth of clinical psychology as a treatment-oriented profession was borne from the need to provide care to the many Veterans returning from World War II with “shell shock” or “battle fatigue” with the VA creating a clinical psychology intern program in the late 1940s. At the same time, the creation of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) came from an executive order from President Harry Truman as a vehicle for addressing the challenge of “Combat Neurosis”. More recently, the Vietnam War drove the recognition of PTSD as a definable and treatable clinical condition, fundamentally reshaping the conceptualization of trauma-focused care. In line with this view of war as a driver for mental health re-conceptualization (and its subsequent impact on civilian healthcare), one of the clinical “game changing” outcomes of the conflicts in the Middle East could derive from the military’s early support for research and development to advance clinical systems that leverage novel interactive and immersive technologies. This in turn, has served to drive a wider uptake of Clinical VR use in the civilian sector, especially as these technologies became more accessible and embedded in everyday life. Thus, as we have seen throughout history, innovations that emerge in military healthcare, driven by the urgency of war, typically have a lasting influence on civilian healthcare long after the last shot is fired.