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ISQ – Psychology
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Cognitive distortions according to Beck’s cognitive theory of depressionArbitrary inference – Drawing the worst possible conclusions about a given problem without adequate evidence.Selective abstraction – Focusing on the worst aspects of past experiences, ie only the worst events are remembered.Overgeneralization – Drawing negative general conclusions about personal worth from one example of something that went wrong.Minimization – Good performance is underestimated.Magnification – Errors are overestimated.Personalization – A tendency to attribute all wrong doings to negatively perceived personal attributes.Dichotomous thinking – Black ana white thinking such as ‘all women think I’m ugly’.
Paper 4: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
False. It is arbitrary inference – that is, making conclusions in the absence of evidence. Other cognitive distortions are magnification, minimisation, personalisation, selective abstraction and over-generalisation. (2: p.307)
Questions and Answers
Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: E. Arbitrary inference means ‘jumping to conclusions’. Dichotomous thinking means ‘all or nothing’ or ‘black and white’ thinking. The identification and evaluation of negative automatic thoughts is central to CBT. Schemas are the deeply held beliefs which give rise to our personality and may be the target of later therapy. [W. p. 174]
A Meta-Analysis of Hypnotic Interventions for Depression Symptoms: High Hopes for Hypnosis?
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2019
Leonard S. Milling, Keara E. Valentine, Hannah S. McCarley, Lindsey M. LoStimolo
A number of psychological interventions developed specifically for treating depression have proven to be very effective. For example, Beck’s cognitive therapy for depression enables clients to identify patterns of distorted cognitions (i.e., arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification) and to replace those thoughts with more realistic ones (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1987). Behavioral activation therapy is grounded in the principles of operant conditioning and helps depressed individuals increase the amount of positive reinforcement they experience (Lejuez, Hopko, Acierno, Daughters, & Pagoto, 2011). Problem-solving therapy (Nezu, Nezu, & D’Zurilla, 2013) involves teaching clients the steps of solving problems and dealing with stressors: (1) clarifying the problem; (2) generating alternative solutions; (3) selecting the solution with the optimal anticipated outcome; (4) implementing the solution; and (5) evaluating the outcome. Finally, interpersonal therapy (Klerman, Weissman, Rounsaville, & Chevron, 1984) is a time-limited treatment concerned with the interpersonal issues which either cause a person to become depressed or which maintain depression. Many other forms of general psychotherapy have also been applied to the problem of depression, including psychodynamic psychotherapy and nondirective therapy.