China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
From Print to Comics
Published in James Phelan, Narrative Medicine, 2023
In this chapter, I sketch how the rhetorical prescription for Narrative Medicine I’ve been writing can be extended to graphic narratives about medical issues by reflecting on the affordances of the comics medium. By affordances I mean the features of the medium that lend themselves to particular kinds of representations and their corresponding effects. In the case of comics these features arise from its visual and verbal tracks of communication and their intertwining. This attention to affordances will lead me to discuss how the medium affects the mimetic, thematic, and synthetic components of narrative as well as the resources discussed in the previous chapters. For reasons of efficiency and clarity, I will discuss them in a different sequence and in four groups: (a) character and progression; (b) space; (c) time; and (d) tellers, perspective, and voice. In each case, everything we’ve already discussed about these resources remains relevant, but I will emphasize the ways in which the affordances of comics lead artists to use the resources in ways that traditional print does not.
Learning Engineering is Ethical
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
In both Eastern (for example, Confucius) and Western (for example, Aristotle) philosophical traditions, the discipline of ethics has been considered a competency. Virtues reflect qualities or traits that must be cultivated over time. Like any competency, ethical sense-making requires knowledge to identify the features of a situation that are ethically relevant. These features, or ethical affordances, don’t necessarily exist objectively within the world. Rather, much like technical affordances, ethical affordances require an understanding of how an individual interacts with their environment. Even if a learning engineer considers the ethical affordances associated with the intended function of a product, unintended uses might introduce new ethical issues.
Medicine making sense
Published in Alan Bleakley, Educating Doctors’ Senses Through the Medical Humanities, 2020
The senses can be thought of as a dynamic system open to development in several ways, and these are amplified in the remainder of this chapter as follows: Affordance (the environment affords or facilitates perception)A dynamic, complex adaptive system (CAS) with the unit of analysis as the individualA CAS with the unit of analysis as the activity or multiple activitiesA CAS with the focus on the economy of the system (the flow, exchange and vicissitudes of sensibility capital) where perception is socially or ecologically afforded
Combined effects of time-of-day and simulated military operational stress on perception-action coupling performance
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Alice D. LaGoy, Aaron M. Sinnott, Shawn R. Eagle, Meaghan E. Beckner, William R. Conkright, Felix Proessl, Justin Williams, Michael N. Dretsch, Shawn D. Flanagan, Bradley C. Nindl, Mita Lovalekar, Anne Germain, Fabio Ferrarelli, Christopher Connaboy
Perception-action coupling, which involves perceiving and actualizing affordances, underlies the ability of individuals to successfully and efficiently maneuver through the environment (Davids et al. 2006; Smith and Pepping 2010). Affordance refers to the opportunity for action available to an individual based on their potential to interact with the surrounding environment (Gibson 1979). As such, affordances depend on both the characteristics and capabilities of the individual and on spatiotemporal features of the environment. To successfully navigate and operate within an environment, an individual must be attuned to properties of the environment that alter or limit affordances; in other words, they must perceive both the available affordances and the changes in affordances (Fajen et al. 2008). In particular, individuals must be attuned to action boundaries, the points at which specific affordances change (Smith and Pepping 2010). Further, individuals must actualize affordances, (i.e., execute actions) in accordance with their perceptions of affordances, and they must do so in an efficient manner (Franchak et al. 2010; Gibson 1979).
Partial-Hand Prosthesis Users Show Improved Reach-to-Grasp Behaviour Compared to Transradial Prosthesis Users with Increased Task Complexity
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2022
Bennett L. Alterman, Emily Keeton, Saif Ali, Katrina Binkley, William Hendrix, Perry J. Lee, Shuo Wang, James Kling, John T. Johnson, Lewis A. Wheaton
Grasp and object use are commonly discussed in terms of affordance. Affordances are an individual’s perceived representation of an object within the context of its environment according to their ability to perform an action with (or on) that object (Gibson, 1977). Thus, task dynamics consist of evaluating an object’s affordance and implementing that conceptualised knowledge for the completion of the goal. When planning and implementing a grasp, participants must consider how the manipulation of the target object affects task-specific constraints. These demands grow even further when kinematics become altered from the natural. In amputation, the loss of extremity, and subsequent addition of a prosthesis, creates unique challenges to adapting grasps in goal-directed tasks (Belter & Dollar, 2011; de Visser & Herder, 2000). Both task demands and object affordances are greatly altered as individuals must now examine how their new effector can interact with the target object, as well as how they might be constrained in their ability to manoeuvre through the task environment.
Representing the Psychological Demands of Sport: A Constraints-Led Approach to Mental Skills Training
Published in Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2020
Lindsey Hamilton, Christian A. J. Smith, Zach E. Brandon
The deliberate manipulation of constraints during practice helps attune performers to affordances, or opportunities to take action, based on the perceptual and informational sources present (Renshaw et al., 2019). Affordances inform a range of movement solutions that can be explored in the pursuit of physical skill acquisition (Davids, Button, & Bennett, 2008). Constraints that manipulate affordances are boundaries or features that influence skill expression (Davids et al., 2008), and can be categorized into three types: performer, task, and environment. Performer constraints are those that pertain to the personal characteristics of the performers themselves. These can be biological (e.g. male or female), physiological (e.g. height and weight), cognitive (e.g. thought patterns), emotional (e.g. anxiety), or even cultural. Task constraints relate to the goal of the activity itself and the tools used to meet that goal, such as equipment. Environmental constraints include physical factors (e.g. field surface or weather), and social factors (e.g. performing in front of an audience). Putting boundaries on or emphasizing features of these categories influences movement patterns of performers, which ultimately affect the acquisition of transferable skills to competition.