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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Margaret J.J. Thompson, Anan El Masry, Samuele Cortese, Wai Chen
In general, the impairments of adult ADHD are much more pervasive, affecting the functions in self-control, learning, occupation, organisation, time-management, financial management, social and occupational relationships. Adult ADHD is a real, valid and debilitating condition and warrants a well-resourced service that provides both good-quality assessments and comprehensive treatment of all the accompanying disorders.
The Distracted Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
While a full diagnosis of adult ADHD does not always persist from childhood ADHD, many adults continue to be impacted by ADHD into their early, middle, and even late adulthood. Kessler et al. (2006) estimated that residual symptoms of ADHD might persist into adulthood for up to 4 or 5% of individuals who had the condition as children or adolescents. Thus, while ADHD is common in childhood and adolescence, it sometimes persists into adulthood. Symptoms of adult ADHD usually involve inattention, procrastination, impulsivity, and distractibility. Hyperactivity may be present, but it occurs less often in adults.
Pretending to Not Concentrate
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Neurological Malingering, 2018
Angela Rekhi, Jasmine M. Campbell, Alan R. Hirsch
As literature on adult ADHD has increased, today, many more adults are presenting for diagnosis and treatment, as mentioned earlier. Much of the same medications used in children can be used to treat adult ADHD. While for children we believe that cognitive behavior therapy should first be implemented in the treatment of ADHD, medication is the primary source for the treatment in adult ADHD. Noradrenergic agents like atomoxetine were one of the first medications to be approved by the U.S. FDA for specific use in adults. The benefit of atomoxetine is that it is not a controlled substance so risk of addiction is less likely. Atomoxetine specifically inhibits presynaptic norepinephrine reuptake which results in increased synaptic norepinephrine and dopamine. In addition to atomoxetine in the treatment of adult ADHD, the U.S. FDA has also approved of the extended-release formulations of amphetamine salts and dexmethylphenidate.
Empathy in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Association with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Didem Umutlu, Cagdas Oyku Memis, Yasam Umutlu, Doga Sevincok, Levent Sevincok
Participants with comorbid ADHD in patients with SAD consisted of individuals with ADHD in both childhood and adulthood. Childhood diagnosis of ADHD was evaluated using the Turkish version (Gokler et al., 2004) of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children–Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) (Kaufman et al., 1997). Participants with six symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity over a 6-month period (DSM-IV criterion A), before age 7 (criterion B); some impairment in at least two or more settings (such as at school or home) (criterion C); and clinically signifcant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning (criterion D) were considered to have a childhood diagnosis of ADHD (n = 46). Participants whose ADHD symptoms continued after the age of 18 were considered adult ADHD. Six participants were not included in the analysis because they did not meet the ADHD criteria in adulthood. Therefore, 72 SAD patients were divided into two groups as those with (n = 40) and without current ADHD (n = 32).
Long-term improvement of quality of life in adult ADHD – results of the randomized multimodal COMPAS trial
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2021
Caroline Lücke, Carolin Jenkner, Erika Graf, Swantje Matthies, Patricia Borel, Esther Sobanski, Barbara Alm, Michael Rösler, Wolfgang Retz, Christian Jacob, Michael Colla, Michael Huss, Thomas Jans, Bernhard Kis, Mona Abdel-Hamid, Helge H.O. Müller, Alexandra P. Lam, Mathias Berger, Ludger Tebartz van Elst, Alexandra Philipsen
An important goal in QoL research in ADHD is a possible improvement of QoL under ADHD treatment. In a 2008 study by Mick et al., patients who responded to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment showed a significant improvement of the Q-LES-Q under treatment compared to non-responders (Mick et al., 2008). Interestingly, this is so far the only study to specifically investigate effects of MPH on QoL, while a number of other studies showed improvement of QoL under treatment with atomoxetine as well as mixed amphetamine salts (review: Agarwal et al., 2012). Psychotherapy so far plays a minor role in the treatment of adult ADHD but is increasingly investigated as a treatment option for those patients who do not sufficiently respond to pharmacological treatment, have contraindications for medication or simply do not want pharmacological treatment. To our knowledge no randomized-controlled trials investigating the influence of psychotherapy on QoL in adults with ADHD have to date been published.
Sustained stimulation? Characteristics of modified release and immediate release stimulant exposures reported to the national poison data system
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2021
Michael A. Darracq, Stephen L. Thornton
In this study, a dramatic increase in the number of pediatric MR ingestions followed to known outcome was observed in the first year of the study period (2007:137 ingestions; 2008: 1725 ingestions) with a subsequent relatively flat trend in ingestions over the remaining interval. The reason for this increase was not explored in the current study however this increase is consistent with an observed overall increase in the frequency of pediatric ADHD diagnosis and prescribing of treatment medications through the year 2007 [9,10]. The number of adult MR ingestions rose slightly and adult IR ingestions remained relatively flat over the entire study interval. Previous studies have demonstrated that only 10.9% of adult ADHD patients seek treatment and rates of ADHD are less in adults than during childhood or adolescence [2].