China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Healing at Fann Hospital
Published in Alice Bullard, Spiritual and Mental Health Crisis in Globalizing Senegal, 2022
From a Western psychiatric point of view, S.C. was suffering from delirium. The murder committed by S.C., according to Dr. Collomb, Zempleni, and Martino, was a first manifestation of an “acute psychosis or systematic complex delusion with themes of persecution” (Martino et al. 1965, p. 155). The original French used the term “bouffée délirante,” which is a specialized French diagnosis discussed in Chapter 9. For the present discussion, “acute psychosis” suffices. The attacks suffered while in prison, including visual and verbal hallucinations and sensory disorientation, in the doctors’ estimation, confirmed this diagnosis (Martino et al. 1965, p. 156). Zempleni, Martino, and Collomb, however, were troubled that their diagnosis confirmed the social view of S.C. – that he was suffering from mental illness – but that they arrived at this conclusion very differently than did S.C.’s community. The medical team were confounded by the fact that two very different logics upheld the same conclusions about S.C.’s behavior. For the doctors, S.C.’s hallucinations were the chief indicator of mental illness. These doctors were aware, however, that among the Wolof, it was not at all unusual to have perceptions without an objective cause (Martino et al. 1965, p. 156). From the Wolof point of view, S.C.’s transgression of the ancestral law is the chief sign of his madness, but such transgression from a psychiatric point of view was of little or no consequence (Martino et al. 1965, p. 156).
Roll With Impaired Reality Testing
Published in Scott A. Simpson, Anna K. McDowell, The Clinical Interview, 2019
Impaired reality testing makes data-gathering and rapport-building difficult. The experience of a patient with acute psychosis often involves delusions and hallucinations beyond the patient’s control. Sometimes psychotic content is not clearly distinguished from reality; some psychotic content even involves the clinician. Moreover, patients with acute psychosis can become anxious, scared, angry, or desperate as a result of their thought content. Nevertheless, the clinician’s goal with the patient experiencing psychosis is no different than with any other patient: set the patient at ease, develop trust, and make an assessment to guide treatment.
Life Care Planning for Depressive Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Schizophrenia
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
The ECA study found the annual prevalence rate for schizophrenia to be about 1.3 percent of the population (Robins & Reiger, 1991), translating into about 2.2 million people in the United States. The incidence rate is similar across diverse geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic categories. The onset of schizophrenia can be gradual or sudden, but many individuals display signs that something is wrong (e.g., decreased sociality, withdrawal, anxiety, depression, unusual behavior, problems at school or work) before actual psychotic symptoms are apparent (Larson et al., 2010). The age of onset is typically adolescence to early adulthood, with men typically having an earlier onset than women. It is unusual to develop schizophrenia after the age of 40 (McEvoy et al., 1999). Earlier onset is associated with poorer outcomes, which may be attributed to the loss of age-appropriate milestones in the areas of education, interpersonal relationships, and employment (Lay et al., 2000). The course of schizophrenia is often chronic and disabling. Individuals may have periods of acute psychosis alternating with periods of symptom remission or a constant level of residual symptoms that can greatly impair functioning.
Scoping Review of Cannabis-Reduction Psychosocial Interventions and Reasons for Use among Young Adults with Psychosis
Published in Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 2023
Ryan Petros, Denise D. Walker, Adam Pierce, Maria Monroe-DeVita
Exclusion criteria:Research on resolving acute episodes of psychosis only (i.e., hospital emergency intervention using medication to resolve acute psychosis, typically diagnostically uncertain and presumed to be drug-induced).Interventions without a psychosocial component (i.e., medication only).Synthetic forms of THC (e.g., spice, K2).General substance use reduction (i.e., not cannabis-specific).Research about CSC without additional psychosocial CUD treatment.Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (each relevant individual study is included).Letters to the editor, medical case reports.
Differences in clinical features associated with cannabis intoxication in presentations to European emergency departments according to patient age and sex
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Yasmin Schmid, Miguel Galicia, Severin B. Vogt, Matthias E. Liechti, Guillermo Burillo-Putze, Paul I. Dargan, Alison M. Dines, Isabelle Giraudon, Fridtjof Heyerdahl, Knut Erik Hovda, David M. Wood, Christopher Yates, Òscar Miró
Interestingly, symptoms of acute psychosis were less likely in very young patients, but were increasingly prevalent within the age of 20–40 years. The association of cannabis use and (drug-induced) psychosis has been suggested in large retrospective studies [17]. However, relationship between cannabis consumption and psychosis is bidirectional, as it is often unclear if there is a direct causal relationship or if this is due to other factors such as e.g., shared genetic predisposition or other confounding factors [18]. Early cannabis use during adolescence is considered an important risk factor for the development of psychosis [19], and has shown to be an independent risk factor for the development of chronic psychosis at a later stage [20]. The association with chronic psychosis is generally observed after several years of regular use [20]. This latency of onset could explain why in our study, psychosis was most prevalent in the 20–40 year-old patients and less frequent in very young patients (<20 years).
Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris: part 1 – current therapies
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019
Rebecca L. Yanovsky, Michael McLeod, A. Razzaque Ahmed
For patients who do develop steroid-induced psychoses, there are effective therapies that should be administered promptly. Consulting a psychiatrist is absolutely necessary. While there are no clear guidelines or randomized controlled trials indicating which pharmacologic agent is optimal for treating steroid-induced psychiatric disease, there are small studies that can provide insights. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) have been shown to worsen symptoms of steroid psychosis, while phenothiazines administered at an average dose of 212 mg/day have shown good clinical response [10]. Mania from CS use has been shown to be effectively managed by typical antipsychotic chlorpromazine and atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole. Sertraline has been effective in treating depressive syndromes secondary to corticosteroid therapy [9]. Sodium valproate, lithium, haloperidol, and olanzapine have also been used with varying degrees of efficacy in the treatment of these psychiatric side effects [9]. Fifty percent of patients with acute psychosis have symptom resolution within 4 days of CS cessation and the remainder improve within a few weeks [11]. Decision on the duration of therapy and cessation of therapy should be left to the clinical judgment of the psychiatrist.