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Unplanned Compulsive Homicides
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
Although social and psychological factors clearly play a role in compulsive murder, the biological component, as complicated as it might be, seems indispensable. In fact, the role of biology in most psychiatric and addictive disorders is paramount (Hedaya, 1996). Even general criminality has been demonstrated to have a strong biogenetic etiology (Raine, 1993; Mednick, Moffitt, and Stack, 1987), especially violent criminality (Volavka, 2002). There is a long list of well-known serial sexual murderers with a documented history of head trauma such as John Wayne Gacy (Amirante and Broderick, 2015), Henry Lee Lucas (Cox, 1991), and Albert Fish (Schechter, 1990). And Allely, Minnis, Thompson, Wilson, and Gillberg (2014) found over 20% of the serial and mass murderers they studied had suffered some type of head injury. Thus, a biological abnormality will surely be a necessary, but not a sufficient, part of any explanation of the compulsive murderer. Such an abnormality could arise from multiple factors (such as genetics, brain injury, hormones, and electrical and chemical difficulties), all of which might have an etiological role.
Disorders of Consciousness
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Treatment is based on the underlying abnormality. Pacemakers are effective for bradyarrhythmias, while for tachyarrhythmias, invasive electrophysiologic mapping studies followed by ablation can be effective. If not possible, a combination of antiarrhythmic drugs and implanted pacemakers or cardioverter–defibrillator must be considered.
Introduction to the healthcare system, health laws and regulations
Published in Gary Chan Kok Yew, Health Law and Medical Ethics in Singapore, 2020
A hybrid approach is to consider a disease as comprising two features: (i) the abnormal functioning of some bodily system and (ii) the resulting abnormality is harmful. Thus, the existence of a biological dysfunction is not sufficient; it must manifest in tangible harm to the person as a member of society. One proponent of this hybrid approach is Wakefield (2007) who, in relation to the assessment of psychiatric condition, regarded mental disorders as “harmful” dysfunctions.
DIgestive COmplications in DIabetes – the DICODI population study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Moeen Ud-din, Bassam Karout, Wiktoria M. Torbé, Johan Lunding, Anne-Marie Wegeberg, Asbjørn M. Drewes, Christina Brock, Per M. Hellström
Recently, it has become increasingly clear that gastrointestinal symptoms are common in the diabetic population. We need large population studies to provide detailed estimates of the symptom prevalence and symptomatic overlap between the underlying causes. Hence, appearance of symptoms can be associated with motility abnormalities of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum as well as celiac disease or pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Understanding the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal complications in diabetes is still in its early stages. While waiting for an ultimate diagnostic test, we have to rely on the medical history interview. These interviews can be optimally structured for PROs and validated to obtain adequate results for diagnostic purposes and initiation of specific treatments tailored for each specific physiological abnormality. The complexity of gastric, intestinal and pancreatic functions and the multiple anatomical levels at which these organs can be affected in diabetes offers many therapeutic challenges.
Value of Placental Examination in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Stillbirth
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Attributing cause of death was not easy in the “multiple causes” group. It was difficult to determine the causality of the fetal malformation associated with placental abnormality or to determine the responsibility of associated ischemia and infection in the occurrence of stillbirth, even following the scientific judgment. This scientific judgment states that: (1) the abnormality should uncommonly be associated with a live birth and if it is, it should be associated with an increased risk of neonatal death, (2) there must be a true dose-response relationship, and (3) stillbirth would not have occurred if the disorder had not occured [16]. To best refine the etiologic classification of stillbirths, utilizing information from all available resources is needed to determine the most plausible etiology. Appropriate prevention and monitoring measures can be then offered for future pregnancies.
Consanguineous marriage and rare bleeding disorders
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2021
Detecting the causative mutation of RBDs or detection of carriers in affected families can be a promising and beneficial strategy. Such findings can be used both in genetic counseling program in the premarital phase and as a prenatal diagnosis (PND) test to prevent RBD-related transmission. Furthermore, genetic consulting prior to birth can prevent from the spread of RBDs in the population. However, putting these points into practice is difficult. These points can be used as a short-term plan to restrict RBDs and common bleeding disorders, particularly if other family members are affected. It goes without saying that selective abortion of an affected fetus to an RBD is not yet a widely accepted and feasible action in developing countries. In some countries such as Tunisia, genetic consultation is a mandatory task for all couples with consanguinity and a history of genetic abnormality [49]. Interestingly, the Netherlands has had an experience with carrier detection in immigrants from societies where consanguineous marriage is popular [50].