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Concluding Remarks
Published in Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, Christina Policastro, Deviance Among Physicians, 2019
Thaddeus L. Johnson, Natasha N. Johnson, Christina Policastro
Similar to the findings of criminologists, a review of the existing literature suggests that the vast majority of doctors are ethical, law-abiding professionals while a small number of physicians are responsible for the vast majority of deviant behavior (National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association, 2019). This small group of deviant doctors, however, have a major impact on individual victims, the medical profession, and society. In this concluding chapter, we aim to highlight the contribution of criminological perspectives in understanding deviance within the practice of medicine. Within this discussion, we outline several policy recommendations, as well as directions for future scholarly research that may assist in efforts to prevent and/or reduce misconduct by doctors.
Making Sense Death, Dying, and Mental Health
Published in David B. Cooper, Jo Cooper, Palliative Care Within Mental Health, 2018
Dan Warrender, Scott Macpherson
Even without a diagnosis however, when mental distress presents as behaviour outwith social and cultural norms, this itself can be enough to stigmatise. ‘Normal’ and ‘stigmatised’ are ultimately perspectives within a social script, with deviance not related to behaviour itself, but how behaviour relates to social norms (Curra 2014). The unfortunate cycle is that if diagnosis is a mark of difference, and deviance is different from social norms, then deviance can become diagnosis. As social norms can always shift, so too (and do) mental health diagnoses. Whether or not social death relies on diagnosis or behaviour, there is the chance that the two will always converge and present as a mark of difference, and legitimise social disengagement.
Hubris
Published in Raymond Downing, Suffering and Healing in America, 2018
Beyond this, though, is what he calls social iatrogenesis, whereby ‘medical practice sponsors sickness by reinforcing a morbid society.’ Here, ‘medical bureaucracy creates ill-health by increasing stress, by multiplying disability dependence,... by lowering the levels of tolerance for discomfort or pain, by reducing the leeway that people are wont to concede to an individual when he suffers, and by abolishing even the right to self-care ... All suffering is ‘hospitalized’ and homes become inhospitable to birth, sickness, and death, . .. [and] suffering, mourning, and healing outside the patient role are labeled a form of deviance.’
Content analysis of nurses’ reflections on medication errors in a regional hospital
Published in Contemporary Nurse, 2023
Anton Isaacs, Anita Raymond, Bethany Kent
Nursing shortages are a global challenge (Buchan et al., 2015; Drennan & Ross, 2019) that contributes to the ever-increasing workload on those in the workforce. However, nurses have developed a well-deserved reputation of getting on with the job without complaining even when the situation is challenging. They have built this reputation as a result of their excellent work ethic, compassion and commitment. There is however a down side to this. First proposed by Vaughan (1996), Henriksen and colleagues, argue that there exists a ‘normalization of deviance’ in healthcare settings which refers to a complaisant acceptance of shortages and adverse working conditions for nurses. If a hospital can get by with fewer nurses and other needed resources without the occurrence of serious adverse consequences, these unfavourable conditions may continue to worsen, creating thinner margins of safety, until a major adverse event occurs (Henriksen et al., 2008). This phenomenon has also been alluded to by Westbrook, Rob, et al. (2011).
A Light at the End of the Tunnel: How the Right Workplace Structure Can Help Disrupt the Negative Impact of Abusive Supervision
Published in Human Performance, 2022
Manuela Priesemuth, Marshall Schminke, Bailey Bigelow, Marie Mitchell
Research has consistently shown that abusive supervision generates deviant employee behaviors (Martinko et al., 2013; Schyns & Schilling, 2013) and multiple theoretical perspectives have been used to explain this effect. For instance, Tepper’s (2000) work suggests employees engage in deviance because abusive supervision is considered unfair. Others have drawn from negative reciprocity principles (see Tepper & Almeda, 2012 for a review) to indicate that employee deviance is a tit-for-tat response to the supervisor’s abuse (Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007). A growing literature has expanded on these views, demonstrating that deviance may also be a function of employees being too drained to maintain appropriate behavior (Thau & Mitchell, 2010). In particular, due to the high physiological and psychological costs associated with being abused (including drained resources and diminished well-being; Aryee, Sun, Chen, & Debrah, 2008; van Jaarsveld, Walker, & Skarlicki, 2010), individuals have difficulty maintaining proper work behavior, resulting in counterproductive work outcomes (Greenbaum, Quade, Mawritz, Kim, & Crosby, 2014; van Jaarsveld et al., 2010).
Mental disorder and social deviance
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Awais Aftab, Mohammed Abouelleil Rashed
It is important here to distinguish social deviance from personal deviance, i.e. deviance from an individual’s personal norms. Personal norms are strongly influenced by social norms but the two can diverge substantially. Deviations that lead to a diagnosis of mental disorder can therefore result from: (a) deviance from social norms without deviation from personal norms; (b) deviation from personal norms without deviation from social norms; (c) deviance from both personal and social norms. Much of the literature focuses on social deviance, but personal deviance is also relevant and raises different issues. For example, coercive interventions are typically not considered in cases of personal deviance as the person usually seeks help and the focus of medical care is often on pragmatic ways of assisting them regain personal and social functioning.