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Physiology of the Fascia
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
Particular attention should be placed in the interaction between HA, lactic acid and alterations of pH in fascial tissues. Different authors26,27 document that the pH inside muscle can decrease until pH 6.6 is reached. This level represents the point of exhaustion during heavy sport activities. This value is far lower than the mean pH value found in the blood stream, which ranges from 7.4 to 7.2. At pH 6.6, the viscosity of HA present in the endomysium and perimysium of muscle can increase considerably. This is demonstrated by the experiment of Gatej et al.28 He documents that at pH 6.6, the complex viscosity of the HA approaches 4.5 Pa s. (this is the measure of the dynamic fluid viscosity: N s m−2) instead of the typical 3.8 (the normal value at pH 7.4).
pH and Ions
Published in Enzo Berardesca, Peter Elsner, Klaus-P. Wilhelm, Howard I. Maibach, Bioengineering of the Skin: Methods and Instrumentation, 2020
The pH value represents the logarithmic reciprocal of the concentration of free hydrogen ions. Proceeding from neutral water with a hydrogen ion content of 10-7, the pH scale is divided into 14 ranks from 0 = acid to 14 = basic.
Fetal Circulation
Published in Miriam Katz, Israel Meizner, Vaclav Insler, Fetal Well-Being, 2019
Miriam Katz, Israel Meizner, Vaclav Insler
The K is constant for a particular acid (for the carbonic acid it is 6.1). Bicarbonate concentration (HCO3−) in the blood is normally 26 mM/l, and carbonic acid (H2CO3) is 1.3 mM/l. The factor which will determine the blood pH is the bicarbonate/carbonic acid ratio = 26/1.3 = 7.4, i.e., the normal blood pH value. Any changes in CO2 pressure or in bicarbonate concentration will therefore lead to changes in the pH causing either acidosis or alkalosis.
Acid–base balance in hemodialysis patients in everyday practice
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Monika Wieliczko, Jolanta Małyszko
Using a standard HCO3–—based dialysate with a total base content of 35 mmol/L—only 15 patients (48%) had the recommended minimum 22 mmol/L HCO3– before hemodialysis, while 16 pts (51.6%) had predialysis HCO3–<22 mmol/L, and 3 pts (9.7%) even < 20 mmol/L. In this group, 12 patients (38.7%) presented pH values within the normal range (7.35–7.45), while, as many as 18 patients (58.1%) presented predialysis pH < 7.35, and minimal pH value was 7.209. One patient had alkalosis before hemodialysis (1,33%). The person with alkalotic pH before HD had one and half liters per day diuresis and she was not taking diuretics. Thus, no correlation was found between the amount of urine output, diuretics, and the acid–base parameters before and after HD. No differences were found between groups with and without urine output.
Assessment of trace element toxicity in surface water of a fish breeding river in Bangladesh: a novel approach for ecological and health risk evaluation
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib, Yeasmin Nahar Jolly, Bilkis Ara Begum, Tasrina Rabia Choudhury, Konika Jannat Fatema, Md. Saiful Islam, Mir Mohammad Ali, Abubakr M. Idris
Mean values of physical–chemical parameters of surface water samples from Halda River, Bangladesh are shown in Table 1. The pH of the aquatic systems is an important indicator of the water quality and the extent pollution in the watershed areas. It is the indicator of acidic or alkaline condition of water status. The standard for any purpose in-terms of pH is 6.5–8.5, in that respect; the mean value of pH in this study is 6.02 which indicates slightly acidic water. The pH value represents the acidity or alkalinity of the water (Ravikumar et al. 2013). A pH value ranged between 6 and 8.5 indicates a productive water body (Garg et al.2010), whereas the water with a low pH value is considered to be corrosive and can adversely affect the skin and eyes (Li et al.2017). APHA (2012) stated that industrial or municipal waste materials played a significant role in increasing or decreasing pH of the adjacent water body. Moreover, activities like bathing, washing, and latrines along water bodies related to fluctuations of water pH (Islam et al.2018a). Biochemical and chemical reactions are influenced by the pH (Manjare et al. 2010). Ali et al. (2016) studied the water quality of Karnaphuli River, one of the major coastal rivers in Bangladesh, and also found similar result of this study.
Appraisal of heavy metal toxicity in surface water with human health risk by a novel approach: a study on an urban river in vicinity to industrial areas of Bangladesh
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ram Proshad, Saiful Islam, Tanmoy Roy Tusher, Dan Zhang, Sujan Khadka, Jianing Gao, Satyajit Kundu
The physicochemical parameters along with the heavy metal concentrations in the surface water of the Rupsa river is presented in Table 1. The values of all the studied water quality parameters including pH, EC, and heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) concentrations were found to be higher during the winter season as compared to the values obtained during the summer season. The mean pH was observed as 7.97 ± 0.052 and 8.07 ± 0.053 during the summer and the winter season, respectively, while the pH values were ranged from 7.53 to 8.76 during the summer and from 7.62 to 8.87 during the winter season (Table 1). The pH value represents the acidity or alkalinity of the water (Ravikumar ET AL. 2013). A pH value ranged between 6 and 8.5 indicates a productive water body (Garg ET AL. 2010), whereas the water with a low pH value is considered to be corrosive and can adversely affect the skin and eyes (Li ET AL. 2017). The observed pH values in this study indicated that the river water is productive and suitable for human consumption. Islam ET AL. (2018a) observed the mean water pH of Rupsa river as 8.5, ranged from 8.1 to 9.0 during a hydrological year 2016–2017, which was slightly higher than the mean pH value of 8.2 calculated for the whole hydrological year considered in this study regardless of the seasonal variations. Ali ET AL. (2016) studied the water quality of Karnaphuli river, one of the major coastal rivers in Bangladesh, and also found similar result like present study.