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Africa
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Endocrine Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
In preclinical studies it was shown that when LNCaP cells (a prostate cancer cell line engineered to express elevated levels of AR as found in patients with advanced prostate cancer) were treated with enzalutamide, the expression of androgen-dependent genes PSA and TMPRSS2 was down-regulated. Surprisingly, bicalutamide up-regulated expression of these genes in the same experiment. Furthermore, in the VCaP cell line which overexpresses AR, enzalutamide induced apoptosis, whereas bicalutamide did not. Other studies highlighted the subtle difference in pharmacology between these two agents.
Epidemics
Published in Jacques Derek Charlwood, The Ecology of Malaria Vectors, 2019
A spatial version of vectorial capacity (VC) called VCAP has been developed to propose a spatial version of the formula, allowing assessment of vectorial capacity for each pixel in a given area. To be able to do so, the VCAP is only driven by minimum air temperature (Ta) and rainfall. Rainfall and temperature are used as inputs to the model because they have an impact on vectorial capacity. It is possible to use minimum Ta derived from MODIS for monitoring risks of malaria transmission in highland regions including Eritrea and Ethiopia where a high proportion of the population lives at risk of epidemic malaria. Currently, the USGS EROS Center uses this temperature derived from MODIS night soil temperature (Ts) on an 8-day basis jointly with rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) downscaled to 1 km spatial resolution to produce a 1 km VCAP map every 8 days, specifically for the epidemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
Targeting Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1
Published in Satya Prakash Gupta, Cancer-Causing Viruses and Their Inhibitors, 2014
Intensive combination chemotherapy has been used to treat the aggressive forms of ATL. Because ATL is a neoplasm of mature T-cells, it has been treated with chemotherapies that are used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin (hydroxydoxorubicin), vincristine (oncovin), and prednisolone (called CHOP therapy) has been the standard regimen for aggressive types of ATL. Granulocyte colony-stimulating, factor-supported, biweekly CHOP is an intensified therapy that is also used for ATL. JCOG has reported that the CR rate with biweekly CHOP is 25% and that the median survival time (MST) is 11 months (Tsukasaki et al. 2007, 2012). It has also been reported that the more potent chemotherapy, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and prednisolone (VCAP)—adriamycin, MCNU, and prednisolone (AMP)—vindesine, etoposide, carboplatin, and prednisolone (VECP) improves the prognosis of ATL (CR is 40% and MST is 13 months) (Tsukasaki et al. 2012). However, survival rates of ATL patients with these potent chemotherapy regimens are still poor.
Metabolic signature of extracellular vesicles depends on the cell culture conditions
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Mari Palviainen, Heikki Saari, Olli Kärkkäinen, Jenna Pekkinen, Seppo Auriola, Marjo Yliperttula, Maija Puhka, Kati Hanhineva, Pia R.-M. Siljander
PC-3 and VCaP-prostate cancer cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). All reagents were purchased from Gibco, Life Technologies. Both cell lines were tested negative for mycoplasma prior to the study. Seeding density for both cell lines and culture conditions was 4.5 × 106 cells/ml. Cells were grown at 37°C and 5% of CO2 either in Celline 1000 AD model bioreactors (Integra-Biosciences) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (http://wheaton.com/celline-ad-1000-flask-3-cs-strl.html#support-tab, Wheaton Science Products) or in T-175 flasks (Nunc). PC-3 cells (passage 16) were grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) and VCaP cells (passage 64) in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% of penicillin/streptomycin (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin). Cells grown in bioreactors were separated from FBS with a cellulose acetate membrane of 10 kDa cut-off. The FBS used in the T-175 flask cultures was centrifuged at 110,000 × g for 16 h to deplete extracellular vesicles according to a previously published protocol [17].
Cordyceps sinensis Promotes the Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Ming-wei Ma, Xian-shu Gao, Hong-liang Yu, Xin Qi, Shao-qian Sun, Dian Wang
Human prostate cancer cell lines, VCaP and PC-3, were used. VCaP cell line is known to exhibit AR expression at both mRNA and protein levels (18). It is androgen sensitive and produces large quantities of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (18). PC-3 cell line does not exhibit AR expression and it does not produce PSA (19). VCaP cell line was purchased directly from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). PC-3 cell line was provided by the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University. Cell lines were authenticated and tested by the corresponding cell banks using short tandem repeat profiling. VCaP and PC-3 cells were grown in DMEM medium and RPMI-1640 medium (M&C Gene Technology, Beijing, China), respectively. Both media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Auckland, New Zealand) and maintained in a humidified incubator with atmosphere of 5% CO2 (37 °C).
Long non-coding RNA FENDRR reduces prostate cancer malignancy by competitively binding miR-18a-5p with RUNX1
Published in Biomarkers, 2018
Guanying Zhang, Guangye Han, Xinjun Zhang, Quanfeng Yu, Zeyu Li, Zhenhui Li, Jianchang Li
Normal human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 and P69, and human prostate cancer cell lines, including VCaP, LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC3 and DU145 cells, were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, VA, USA). P69, VCaP, LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC3 and DU145 cell lines were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (Gibco). RWPE-1 was maintained in keratinocyte-SFM medium (Gibco). Cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a cell incubator with 5% CO2. The shNC, shFENDRR, LV-NC, LV-FENDRR, miR-18a-5p mimic and inhibitor and their respective negative control RNAs were obtained from Ribobio Biotechnology (Guangzhou, China). PC3 and LNCaP cells were transfected with shFENDRR, LV-FENDRR, miR-18a-5p mimic and inhibitor, and the negative control using lipofectamine 2000 reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).