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Embryonic Persons
Published in Nicholas Colgrove, Bruce P. Blackshaw, Daniel Rodger, Agency, Pregnancy and Persons, 2023
The second response I would make is to point out that the main purpose of totipotency is not to form twins.13 The main reason the cells of an embryo are totipotent is because this allows them to develop into the different organs needed later on in its development. Thus, the goal-directed disposition of totipotent cells, and the purpose of totipotency, is to allow the embryo to develop the various organs it needs to survive as a single organism. That totipotency also allows twinning to occur is merely an accidental side effect. Thus, there is no reason to think that numerical ontological indeterminacy is part of the nature of embryos since there is nothing about the embryo to suggest that its goal-directed disposition is to develop into an indeterminate number of organisms.
Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy and Its Applications
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Totipotent stem cells are competent to form a whole organism such as a zygote. They possess an incredible ability to extend into germ cell layers of the embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues, thus shaping into embryo and placenta (Rossant 2001). Totipotent cells originate from the early development stage, and these undifferentiated cells can develop into any type of cells further.
Quantitative Assays for Human Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Heather J. Sutherland, Allen C. Eaves, Connie J. Eaves
Comparisons of the properties of murine hemopoietic cells detected by standard in vitro colony assays and their relationships to transplantable pluripotent hemopoietic cells have established the latter as a more primitive, albeit possible overlapping, population.9,10 With the introduction of increasingly sophisticated cell separation techniques and new genetic marking strategies to allow the identification in vivo of the clonal progeny of individual transplanted cells, additional heterogeneity at the level of pluripotent hemopoietic cells has been revealed. It is now clear that the most primitive hemopoietic cells can not only generate lymphoid and myeloid progeny following transplantation in vivo,11 but can also sustain the production of these cell types for extensive periods of time.12–14 Assays to allow the quantitation of such totipotent cells in the mouse are just beginning to be validated and introduced.15 Comparable assays applicable to human cells have not yet been devised, although hemopoietic cells with long-term lymphomyeloid reconstituting potential are also known to persist in normal adult human marrow.16 It is therefore not surprising that the development of quantitative assays for their detection and enumeration is currently an area of very active investigation.
Emerging role of nanomedicine in the treatment of neuropathic pain
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Pankaj Bidve, Namrata Prajapati, Kiran Kalia, Rakesh Tekade, Vinod Tiwari
Limited numbers of patients are treated with the existing treatment strategy, so there is need of newer approaches for treating neuropathic pain. Today in the 21st century, the research is focussing on the use of stem cells from the different origin for treating neuropathic pain. The idea for the use of stem cells is based on the ability of stem cells to offers themselves as a totipotent cellular source for replacing the injured or damaged neuronal cells and delivering trophic factors to the lesion site. Several experiments suggested that stem cell therapy is not only limited to regenerative but also for the antinociceptive effect which is achievedby the regenerative effect [52,84,85]. Mainly two type of stem cells is used for the treatment of neuropathic pain. They are neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells.
Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation and male infertility: Current status and future directions
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Connor M. Forbes, Ryan Flannigan, Peter N. Schlegel
Stem cells are defined as cells with the ability to make copies of themselves indefinitely (self-renewal), and also with the ability to differentiate into other cell types [9]. Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into all cell types including extra-embryonal cells, whilst pluripotent cells can differentiate into every cell in the human body but not extra-embryonal cells [9]. Multipotent cells can differentiate into multiple cell types within one germ layer, and unipotent cells can differentiate into several or only one cell type [10].