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Essential Oils and Volatiles in Bryophytes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk, Yoshinori Asakawa
Among the bryophytes, the liverworts are an extremely rich source of terpenoids and other volatiles; however, a few mosses and hornworts are also known to produce such kinds of components. A number of bryophytes are known to emit volatile terpenoids and simple aromatic compounds when crushed (Asakawa, 1982, 1995; Asakawa et al., 2013b;c). In case of liverworts, the characteristic odor is associated with constituents of oil bodies. Oil bodies occur only in liverworts and are unique intracellular organelles bound by unit membranes that are structurally asymmetric like the tonoplast and are filled with osmiophilic globules suspended in a matrix of carbohydrates and proteins (Figure 21.2) (Suire, 2000).
Nanoencapsulation of sulforaphane in broccoli membrane vesicles and their in vitro antiproliferative activity
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Lucía Yepes-Molina, Micaela Carvajal
Characterizations to determine the content of isothiocyanates that may remain in the BM-vesicles after the isolation process was carried out. BM-vesicles were isolated from broccoli leaves, which also contain a considerable amount of GLSs (precursors of ITCs) (Liu et al. 2018). GLSs were not detected when BM-vesicles were analyzed by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, although different ITCs were detected (SFN, erucin, iberine, and indole-3-carbinol). The transformation of GLSs to ITCs may be due, on the one hand, to the isolation process of the vesicles, which involves aggressive procedures, such as trituration or ultracentrifugation involving the myrosinase enzyme, responsible for the conversion (Martinez-Ballesta and Carvajal 2015). Myrosinase is usually found as myrosinase grains inside of the vacuole, but there are also indications that it may appear associated with the tonoplast (Lüthy and Matile 1984; Chhajed et al. 2019) and therefore it is possible that BM-vesicles contained some associated myrosinase. In fact, myrosinase was detected in the BM-vesicles proteomic analysis, and its activity in BM-vesicles was measured using sinigrin as the substrate (data not shown). Thus, BM-vesicles act as a nanocarrier, but may also contain some ITCs compounds that could affect the treatment of melanocytes in addition to SFN. In fact, all of the ITCs identified in the BM-vesicles have been previously studied due to their health benefits to human health, as they show antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (Mitsiogianni et al. 2019; Singh et al. 2021).