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Prevention and Management of Complications
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
Delayed treatment or severe inflammation of infection could result in tissue necrosis as well. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) activation and bacterial infection lead to soft tissue necrosis. Vascular occlusion can be complicated, with superinfection resulting in more extensive necrosis. Precautions for preventing injection-related infection (see Section 12.3.3) should be emphasized.
ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Taichman and Courant38 produced hemorrhagic necrotic lesions in the hamster cheek pouch and skin by i.p. administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (E. coli endotoxin) followed by local injection of catecholamines. Each animal received 10 μg E. coli endotoxin 1 to 3 hrs prior to anesthesia and injection of 1.0 μg epinephrine or 0.01 μg norepinephrine submucosally and intradermally. The intraoral injection was made into the blind end of the cheek pouch on one side. The opposite pouch was injected with a similar volume of saline and acted as control. A positive response was macroscopic evidence of tissue necrosis. Epinephrine produced positive responses in 6/6 animals; norepinephrine, in 4/6 animals. Similar lesions were induced by the administration of 10 μgLeptotrichia buccalis endotoxin systemically and of epinephrine or norepinephrine locally. The necrotic lesions showed engorgement of the vascular channels, and many of the vessels were disrupted. The vast majority did not contain thrombi. Hemorrhage was evident in all layers of the connective tissue.
Miscellaneous Causes Of Unexplained Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Tissue necrosis ranges from cytolysis of single cells to death of extensive parts of tissues. The appearance of a necrotic area depends on the nature or the tissue, on the mechanism of the necrosis and on which enzymes remain active in the tissues. Foci of necrosis are usually associated with hemorrhage and/or vascular thrombosis. Necrotic areas are associated with definite inflammatory responses that seem to be a likely source of endogenous pyrogen.59
Protective effects of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) on vancomycin-induced oxidative nephrotoxic damage in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Rouba Yasser Al-Sroji, Shaza Al-Laham, Ahmad Almandili
The results were scored semi-quantitatively and in descriptive form. The examinations focused on renal tubules for the presence of dilatation and vacuolization. Special attention was paid to the features indicating tissue necrosis. The severity of these lesions was determined using scores on a scale of Grade 0 (normal), Grade 1 (< 25% injury in tubular epithelium) (mild), Grade 2 (25–50% injury in tubular epithelium) (moderate), Grade 3 (50–75% injury in tubular epithelium) (severe), Grade 4 (complete necrosis) (very severe) (Yucel et al. 2019). This study also examined renal glomerular injury and hyaline dystrophies. The severity of these lesions was determined using scores on a scale of Grade 0: No injury, Grade 1: partial injury, and Grade 2: complete injury. Finally, the presence of inflammation and medullary vascular congestion was given Grade 1, and their absence was Grade 0.
Non-surgical management for air injection injury to the hand, a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
William Pipkin, Alex Frangenberg, Michael Wade, Weston Peine, William F. Pientka
High pressure injection injuries are rare and typically occur in industrial settings with water, or caustic organic agents such as paint, grease, diesel and jet fuel. These injuries vary in degree of severity depending on the pressure and substance that is injected. These types of injuries typically present with minor soft tissue trauma at the injection site, most often with mild pain and swelling in the digits or palmar aspect of the hand. Under such high pressure, the offending agent often extends proximally transecting fascial planes [1]. Due to pain being delayed or absent, it is common for patients to present on a delayed basis after these injuries, thus enhancing the probability of having more severe complications from the injection. These complications include decreased range of motion, loss of strength, and decreased manual dexterity in the affected limb with high rates of infection, tissue necrosis, and subsequent amputation [2].
Microneedle arrays for the treatment of chronic wounds
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Lindsay Barnum, Mohamadmahdi Samandari, Tannin A. Schmidt, Ali Tamayol
While the essential challenge in acute skin injuries is preventing excessive contraction and scarring, in chronic wounds the major obstacle is promoting wound closure [8]. Complications such as tissue necrosis and infection can place the patient’s life at the risk. In severe cases, highly invasive surgical debridement and even limb amputation may be necessary. It is noteworthy that chronic wounds, specifically diabetic ulcers, are the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation in the world [9]. The continuous increase of diabetic and aging populations positions chronic wounds as a growing medical challenge [6]. Therefore, numerous research efforts have been dedicated to identifying the causes of chronic wounds as well as therapeutics that can prevent their formation or improve their healing. Researchers have characterized the sequence of events post-injury essential for wound healing and the dysfunctional processes leading to the formation of chronic wounds [10]. In addition, the therapeutics that can enhance healing and regulate various physiological processes have been identified. These therapeutics can include chemicals such as oxygen, growth factors, small drug molecules, scaffolding materials, and cells. Different therapeutics used in wound care are reviewed in detail elsewhere [8,11].